Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 7 
REFERENCES 
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and 
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition. 
Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1994. 
Benowitz, N.L., Hall, S., Herning, R.I., Jacob, P., Jones, 
R.T., Osman, A.-L. Smokers of low-yield cigarettes 
do not consume less nicotine. New England Journal 
of Medicine 309: 139-142, 1983. 
Benowitz, N.L., Jacob, P., Kozlowski, L.T., Yu, L. 
Influence of smoking fewer cigarettes on exposure 
to tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. New 
England Journal of Medicine 31S: 1310-1313, 1986a. 
Benowitz, N.L., Jacob, P., Yu, L, Talcott, R., Hall, S., 
Jones, R.T. Reduced tar, nicotine, and carbon 
monoxide exposure while smoking ultralow- but 
not low-yield cigarettes. Journal of the American 
Medical Association 256: 241-246, 1986b. 
Bickel, W.K., DeGrandpre, R.J., Higgins, S.T. 
Behavioral economics: A novel approach to the 
study of drug dependence. Dmg and Alcohol 
Dependence 33: 173-192, 1993. 
Brown and Williamson. "Summary." Tobacco 
Corporation Research Conference, Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil, August 22-26, 1983. 
Brown and Williamson. "Proceedings of the Smoking 
Behaviour-Marketing Conference." Tobacco 
Corporation Smoking Behaviour-Marketing 
Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 9-12, 
1984. 
Butschky, M.F., Bailey, D., Henningfield, J.E., 
Pickworth, W.B. Smoking without nicotine delivery 
decreases withdrawal in 12-hour abstinent smokers. 
Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 50(1): 91- 
96, 1995. 
Corrigall, W.A. Regulation of intravenous nicotine 
self-administration — dopamine mechanisms. In: 
Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems, Advances in 
Pharmacological Sciences, F. Adlkofer and K. Fhurau 
(Editors). Boston: Berkhauser Verlag, 1991, pp. 423- 
432. 
(^ultas, D.B., Stidley, C.A., Samet, J.M. Cigarette 
yields of tar and nicotine and markers of exposure 
to tobacco smoke. American Review of Resjnratory 
Disease 148: 435-440, 1993. 
(.ummings, S.R., Richard, R.J. Optimum cutoff points 
for biochemical validation of smoking status. 
American Journal of Public I lealth 78: 574-575, 1988. 
Djordjevic, M.V., Hoffmann, IX, Glynn, T., Connolly, 
(j.N. U.S. commercial brands of moist snuff, 1994. 
Assessment of nicrrtine, moisture, and [)ll. Tobacco 
Control 4dx 62-66, 1995. 
Fiore, M.C.. I rends in cigarette smoking in the United 
States. I he ejridemiology of tobaccrr use. Medical 
(Ainic s of North America 76: 289-303, 1 992. 
Fischman, M.W., Mello, N.K. (Editors). Testing for Abuse 
Liability ofDnigs in Humans. National Institute on 
Drug Abuse Research Monograph 92. DHHS 
Publication No. 89-1613. Washington, DC: Supt. 
of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1989. 
Gilman, A.G., Rail, T.W., Nies, A.S., Taylor, P. (Editors). 
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of 
Therapeutics. New York: Pergamon Press, 1990. 
Gori, G.B., Lynch, C.J. Analytical cigarette yields as 
predictors of smoke bioavailability. Regidatory 
Toxicology and Pharmacology 5: 314-326, 1985. 
Griffiths, R.R., Bigelow, G.E., Henningfield, J.E. 
Similarities in animal and human behavior. In: 
Advances in Substance Abuse: Behavioral and Biological 
Research, Vol. 1, N.K. Mello (Editor). Greenwich, CT: 
JAI Press, 1980, pp. 1-90. 
Gross, J., Stitzer, M.L. Nicotine replacement: Ten-week 
effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. 
Psychopharmacology 98: 334-341, 1989. 
Heishman, S.J., Taylor, R.C., Henningfield, J.E. 
Nicotine and smoking: A review of effects on human 
performance. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology 
2: 345-395, 1994. 
Henningfield, J.E., Goldberg, S.R. Nicotine as a 
reinforcer in human subjects and laboratory 
animals. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 
19: 989-992, 1983. 
Henningfield, J.E., Keenan, R.M. Nicotine delivery 
kinetics and abuse liability. Journal of Consulting and 
Clinical Psychology 61: 1-8, 1993. 
Henningfield, J.E., Kozlowski, L.T., Benowitz, N.L. A 
proposal to develop meaningful labeling for 
cigarettes. Journal of the American Medical Association 
272: 312-314, 1994. 
Henningfield, J.E., London, E.D., Benowitz, N.L. 
Arterial-venous differences in plasma concentrations 
of nicotine after cigarette smoking. Journal of the 
American Medical Association 263: 2049-2050, 1990. 
Henningfield, J.E., Miyasato, K., Jasinski, D.R. Abuse 
liability and pharmacodynamic characteristics of 
intravenous and inhaled nicotine. Journal of 
Pharmacology and Experimental 'Therapeutics 234: 1-2, 
1985. 
Henningfield, J.E., Radzius, A., Cone, E.J. Estimation of 
available nicotine content of six smokeless tobacco 
(rroducts. Tobacco Control 4(1): 57-61, 1995. 
Henningfield, J.IL, Stapleton, J.M. , Benowitz, N.L., 
Grayson, R.F., London, E.l). Higher levels of nicotine 
in arterial than in venous blood alter cigarette 
smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 33: 23-29, 
199.3. 
Hill, P., Marquardt, 11. Plasma and urine changes after 
smoking dillerent braruls of cigarettes. Clinical 
Pharmacology and I'herapeutics 27: 652-658, 1980. 
124 
