Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 7 
DR. KOZLOWSKI: A number of the studies in the literature argue that 
the rankings would be preserved if you had a heavy smoke setting on the 
machine. 1 think if you consider Zacny's data and other data, the idea of 
tuning every cigarette up to the same maximum puff volume or maximum 
puff rate is probably not a good model of human smoking behavior; the 
higher yield cigarettes may, in fact, be undersmoked relative to the lower 
yield cigarettes. Zacny's data on the puff volume show clearly that the puff 
volumes are bigger on the ultralights than on the higher yield cigarettes, so 
that when you have studies that just tune everything up, and you see the 
ranking preserved, the fact of the matter is that if the human behavior is 
more appropriately modeled you may well see that some of the higher yield 
brands go down, the lower yield brands go up, and it would get a lot flatter 
than simply jacking up all the settings of the machine regardless of what the 
strength of that cigarette is to begin with. 
DR. FREEMAN: 1 think perhaps the question and my own opinion as 1 am 
posing it, given a particular cigarette, would be what is the range of possible 
exposure of that cigarette compared to any other cigarette? The question 
I would like some consideration of is, is that a reasonable thing to measure; 
is that a reasonable approach to take as to what we should measure? 
Dr. Benowitz? 
DR. BENOWITZ: 1 think that is a reasonable approach. I think 
Dr. Kozlowski's point of view is very well taken, but 1 think in practical 
terms it really is impossible because you would have to study large numbers 
of people smoking every single brand of cigarettes to be able to get individual 
parameters. We know what he says occurs. It seems to me that the idea of 
having the standard condition and an intensive smoking condition with and 
without hole blocking would be very useful, but what it has to be coupled 
with is information for consumers about how their smoking of the cigarette 
will influence the yields. For example, if they block, this is what is going to 
happen, and if they puff intensively or take a lot of puffs, then this is what 
is going to happen, and I think that would be the best we could do to say, 
"If you smoke in this way, you are going to get the maximum yields." And 
that way we could pick what we think would be an intensive condition and 
say, "If you smoke in this way, this is what your yield is going to be." 
DR. FREEMAN: With a given cigarette? 
DR. BENOWITZ: With a given cigarette, because I do not think it is feasible, 
although I would like to, either to measure puffing parameters for every 
brand of cigarette or even, as Dr. Henningfield suggested, to do human 
exposure studies if you have 900 brands of cigarettes. I do not think that 
would be practical. I think we should test maybe some brands of cigarettes 
to see how well we are doing, but I do not think it is going to be feasible for 
all these brands to do anything other than a standardized testing. 
DR. FREEMAN: Putting that forward as a point of discussion, does anyone 
disagree with what Dr. Benowitz has said, that we should perhaps 
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