5 
opposite each other. ’ The lower part of each 
window has casements opening as doors. The 
upper part lias casements hung at the bottom 
to transoms, and opening inwards. Ventila- 
ting openings are also provided close to the 
ceiling. In each window f ame there are also 
hung, not only glazed casements opening in- 
wards, but also easements fitted with Venetian 
b inds or jealousies opening outwards; and it 
is also propose 1 to supply means of clos- 
ing when necesary the outer openings 
of the verandah.” The administration 
is conduc'ed in the two ends 
of the bftilding, the chapel, operating, and 
nurses’ rooms occupying the centre. Before 
describing more in detail the ward as adapted 
to this climate, let me drtw your attention to 
the remaining features of what we will call a 
model ward as now built in England. It will 
be seen that the only rooms attached to the 
ward as offices are, a room for a head nurse, 
wdth a window overlooking the whole ward 
and a scullery. Offices as such should be 
limited tothtse. The closets and lavatories 
are placed at the extreme end of the building, 
set on the angle, and cut off from the ward by 
a sep irately-lighted and ventilated passage; 
the windows being so placed as to allow the air 
to pass through them without contaminating 
each other, or the ward. Attached to the 
ward, but at a lower level on the stiirease is a 
small ward for a single patient if required on 
an emergency, and leading out from the cor- 
ridor is a day-room for the convalescents to 
which we shall have to allude presently. The 
sma 1 block plan in red shows the general dis- 
position of the whole hospital and the relative 
bearing of the several wards to each other and 
to the administration. Having gone through 
the main features of a model hospital at home, 
I now venture at the risk of some criticism to 
suggest the form that a hospital in this cli- 
mate might be made to take. I wish, however, 
entirely to avoid all dogmatism, and hope that 
my statements will be taken for what they are 
worth, and confirmed by those who have had 
opportunities of judging as correct, or disproved 
as untenable. There can, I think, be no 
, question that the pavilion principle is that to 
be adopted here, and I shall not lake up your 
time by further discussing its merits. A plan 
and short description of a hospital for say 
two hun Ired an 1 twenty-four patients will 
perhaps best explain what I wish to say. Tlie 
plan on diagram is a ground plan of the 
general form the hospital should in my opinion 
take — the administration being in the centre, 
and the war Is containing twenty-eight each 
on either side connected with it and with e >ch 
other by a covered and latticed corrid r. 
Another and sometimes convenient form might 
be that of radiation — but the objection to such 
a plan is, that while it is convenient for admin- 
istration it fails to give all the wards the full 
o^nefit of the prevailing breeze, and 
is withal not well adapted for extension. 
Figure C is a section of one of the wards. It 
is raised 6 feet above the general level, on open 
piers or arches, to allow of a free current of 
air all round, and to afford opportunity for con- 
stant examination and cleansing of the floor 
timbers ; the walls to be built of brick or 
stone, and formed hoJlow, to obviate the effects 
of the heat and damp, and preserve the inner 
temperature as uniform as possible. I retain 
the dimensions already mentioned ; but I 
would confine the height of the building to one 
storey only. The most healthy hospitals have 
been those with one floor only, and this be- 
cause they require less scientific knowledge and 
practicfil care in ventilation. If another floor 
is added a community of ventilation exists be- 
tween the ward below and that above by the 
common staircase, and by filtration through the 
floor. There is, I believe, a well-founded 
notion that patients do not recover so quickly 
on upper floors : and there are instances where 
the mortality li is been greater on upper than 
on lower floors. Moreover, a sick population 
require more surface for health than a healthy 
one, and it is clear that if patients are placed 
on 3 instead of on 2 floors, the surface over- 
crowding is increased by one-third, unless the 
distmee between th$ pavilions is increased in 
a corresponding ratio. Another reason for 
one floor only arises from the form which I 
venture to suggest for ceiling and roof. The 
roof should, I think, be double, enclosing a 
clear space of 12 inches at least between the 
outer and inner covering, for the same reason 
that the walls are hollow. As I have said 
before all angles cause the air to stagnate, and 
as has been proved by experiment it moves 3 
times faster in the centre than at the angles. 
If a circular form is given to the roof, and at 
the apex a portion of the roof is raised with 
outlets for the vitiated air, the difficulty is les- 
sened if not removed. The sides of this' por- 
tion of the roof I propose te enclose with 
Venetian blinds, protecting them from the rain 
by widely projecting eaves. The windows I 
would make lofty, and bring them low 
down near the floor line, forming them as 
sliding sashes or French casements as 
approved. I rather incline to the for- 
mer, leaving some as casements f>r ac- 
cess to the verandah ; and fitting all with 
sliding Venetian shutters hung up and down. 
The verandah is of course indispensable, and 
I would make it very wide, but as it impedes 
to a certain extent the free adm : ssion of air 
through the windows, the covering should 
have a double form as shewn, or entrances 
should be farm'd for the air above the ver- 
audah level. This, however, is a matter of de- 
tail. The verandah should be almost exclu- 
sively used for keeping off the sun from the 
walls of the ward, and I would neither app o- 
P' iate it for the use of conv.de -cents nm* for 
offices of administiation. There msght cer- 
