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1 made that all of the advances which stand to be made could 
2 be made by other means, and I don't think that is entirely 
3 correct. 
4 There is no question in my mind that our 
5 understanding of human yenetics and development depend 
6 importantly on the use of recombinant DNA methodologies. 
7 It also follows that the reduction of containment of human 
3 and mammalian DNA, particularly human, to PK 2 -EK 2 from 
9 P 3 - or P 4 -EK 2 will make a huge difference in our rate 
10 of progress in human genetics. 
11 There is another scientific development which 
12 is pertinent to our deliberations here today. Recent 
13 experiments performed at Columbia University have shown 
14 that it is possible to transform mammalian cells — that 
15 is to say, introduce functional genes into cells — by 
15 simple exposure to mammalian DNA. This will provide a 
1 7 means of purifying particular kinds of human genes using 
13 DNA-mediated transformation as a bioassay. Alternative 
19 techniques for achieving the same purpose make use of 
20 deleted animal viruses such as SV 40 . 
21 It is clear to all — that is, in the profession 
22 that the availability of cloned mammalian genes will 
23 provide a very great impetus to our knowledge of the 
24 human gene map — that is, human genetic mapping — and the 
25 control of expression of human genes. Also, the isolation 
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