most stringent physical-containment requirements of both the U.K. and 
U.S. Guidelines, is being constructed at the European Molecular Biology 
Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg. EMBL, created in 1974, is under the 
direction of Sir John Kendrew and is supported by nine western European 
nations and Israel. The additional facility is scheduled for completion 
by the end of 1977. 
EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION (ESF) 
ESF is a nongovernmental organization founded in November 1974 for 
the purpose of facilitating cooperation in basic research, assisting the 
free flow of information and ideas, promoting the harmonization of 
research efforts, facilitating cooperation in the use of existing facili- 
ties, providing specialized services, and assessing and conducting 
research projects of major importance. It includes 45 national research 
councils from 16 European nations and maintains its headquarters in 
Strasbourg. Sir Brian Flowers serves as president and Dr. Friedreich 
Schneider as secretary general of the governing board. ESF maintains 
extensive international contacts and is an important vehicle for facil- 
itating cooperation among the European community of science. 
In April 1975 ESF established an ad hoc Working Group on Genetic 
Manipulation composed of biologists, physicists, and lawyers. Its 
purpose was to (1) survey recombinant DNA literature and initiatives in 
Europe, (2) study the scientific, social, legal, and philosophical 
implications of this research, and (3) recommend action to be taken at 
the European level concerning the responsibilities of scientists and the 
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