period, whereas mice inoculated with VC-2 displayed disseminated lesions 
typical of poxviruses (Appendix B). In rabbits inoculated with NYVAC-RG 
(vP879) in tracereb rally, no clinical symptoms were observed over ten days 
post-inoculation (Appendix G). At Cornell, a total of twelve horses have been 
vaccinated with NYVAC recombinants, and no reactions have been observed 
in any horse after either primary or secondary inoculation (Appendix H). In a 
study involving 10 vaccinated piglets, no local or systemic reactions were 
observed (Appendix I). In a study of twenty-four pigs conducted at the USD A 
Virology Swine Research Unit, no abnormal clinical signs or cutaneous lesions 
were observed after either primary or secondary injections of NYVAC -based 
recombinants (Appendix J). In a total of forty Rhesus macaques inoculated 
with NYV AC-based recombinants carrying SIV, HTV-1, HTV-2, rabies and 
hepatitis antigens in different combinations, no local or systemic abnormal 
clinical signs have been observed (Appendix K). In an immunogenicity study 
of squirrel monkeys, subcutaneous inoculation with NYVAC-RG (vP879) 
produced no significant adverse reactions (Appendix L). 
Immunogenicity: Inoculation of mice with NYVAC expressing the HTV-1 
(IIIB) envelope glycoprotein elicited humoral responses against the envelope 
glycoprotein and spleen cell cytolytic reactivity with characteristics of 
cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Appendix C). In four- to six-week-old mice, 
NYVAC-RG (vp879) had a PD 50 value of 3.70 TCED 5 o (Appendix B). In a 
NYVAC-RG (vP879) dose response using rabbits and four routes of 
inoculation (ID, SC, IM, and scarification) seroconversion was obtained at all 
but the lowest dose, and was best in the animals injected EM (Appendix M). 
NYV AC-based recombinants expressing pertinent immunogens from either 
pseudorabies virus (PRV) or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) have been 
evaluated in the target species, swine. The swine were protected from a live 
PRV nasal challenge (Appendices J, N and O), with the NYV AC-based 
recombinant being as efficacious as commercially available vaccine in 
preventing clinical disease and viral shedding (Appendix N). Pigs inoculated 
with a NYV AC-based recombinant against JEV were fully protected from 
viremia after a live JEV challenge (Appendix N). Subcutaneous inoculation of 
squirrel monkeys with NYVAC-RG (vP879) produced high titers of rabies 
neutralizing antibodies after one inoculation, and strong anamnestic responses 
after the second (Appendix L). 
Environmental distribution; In the above study involving piglets, ten 
controls were housed with the vaccinates, and remained seronegative through 
day of challenge (Appendix I). In a separate attempt to isolate the vaccine 
from site of inoculation, two pigs were injected intravenously with NYVAC 
(vP866). Blood samples were obtained over times ranging from 5 minutes to 
144 hours post-inoculation. NYVAC (vP866) virus was isolated only from the 
buffy coat and whole blood from the 5 min sample from one pig. No virus 
was isolated from any other sample (Appendix P). 
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