Stollar, V. (1980). Defective interfering alphaviruses. In The Togaviruses, Schlesinger, R. W., 
ed. (New York: Academic Press), pp. 427-457. 
Strauss, E. G. , and Strauss, J. H. (1986). Structure and replication of the alphavirus genome. 
In The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae, . Schlesinger, S. S., and Schlesinger, M. J., eds. (New 
York: Plenum Press), pp. 35-90. 
Subcommittee on Arbovirus Laboratory Safety of the American Committee on Arthropod-Borne 
Viruses (1980). Laboratory Safety for Arboviruses and Certain Other Viruses of Vertab rates. 
(1980) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 29(6): 1359-1381. 
Takkinen, K. (1986). Complete nucleotide sequence of the nonstructural protein genes of Semliki 
Forest virus. Nucl. Acids Res. 14, 5667-5682. 
Tsiang, M., Weiss, B. G. , and Schlesinger, S. (1988). Effects of 5’-terminal modifications on 
the biological activity of defective interfering RNAs of Sindbis virus. J. Virol. 62, 47-53. 
Vaananen, P. (1982). The use of red cells with fused Semliki Forest virus envelope proteins 
in antibody determinations by hemolysis in gel. J. Virol. Methods 4:117-126. 
Wahlberg, J. M., Boere, W. A. , and Garoff, H. (1989). The heterodimeric association between 
the membrane proteins of Semliki Forest virus changes its sensitivity to mildly acidic pH during 
virus maturation. J. Virol. 63, 4991-4997. 
Wahlberg, J.M., and Garoff, H. (1992). Membrane fusion process of Semliki Forest virus I: 
Low pH-induced rearrangement in spike protein quaternary structure preceed virus penetration 
into cells. J. Cell Biol. 116, 339-348. 
Wallenfels, K. , and Weil, R. (1972). B-galactosidase. In The Enzymes, Vol. VII, Boyer, P. 
D., ed. (New York: Academic Press), pp. 617-663. 
Weiss, B., Nitschko, H., Ghattas, I., Wright, R. , and Schlesinger, S. (1989). Evidence for 
specificity in the encapsulation of Sindbis virus RNAs. J. Virol. 63, 5310-5318. 
Weiss, B.G. and Schlesinger, S. (1991). Recombination between Sindbis virus RNAs. J. Virol. 
65 , 4017-4025. 
Wengler, G. (1980). Effects of alphaviruses on host cell macromolecular synthesis. In The 
Togaviruses, Vol. Schlesinger, R. W., ed. (New York: Academic press, Inc.), pp. 459-472. 
Willems, W.R., Kaluza, G., Boschek, C.B., Bauer, H., Hager, H., Schutz, H.-J., & Feistner, 
H. (1979) Semliki Forest Virus: cause of a fatal case of human encephalitis. Science 203, 1127- 
1129. 
Recombinant DNA Research, Volume 18 
