Wild Life Management for Allegany Park 67 
found there, and hares, cotton-tail rabbits, grouse and woodcock 
still abound. The region is thus already well stocked, and intelli- 
gent fire protection and supervision will make the Park an excel- 
lent refuge for every sort of wild creature native to that part of the 
State. 
Angling and Hunting Preserves 
A large pulilic angling and hunting preserve is needed in Western 
New York, where deer, bear, grouse, wild turkey, woodcock, hares 
and rabbits, as well as trout and other fish and game, can thrive 
in abundance, so that the people may have an opportunity for 
healthful outdoor recreation near at hand. That such a preserve 
should abound in fish and game can only be assured where there 
is a large area, carefully stocked, protected and supervised in a 
thoroughly modern fashion. Park wardens, wild life keepers, and 
park police can assure reasonable protection ; and under the man- 
agement of competent fish and game keepers, large breeding sanc- 
tuaries (where no killing will be permitted) can be permanently 
maintained, affording excellent sport year after year for a large 
number of persons. 
Under the Pennsylvania system of game preserves, according to 
John M. Phillips ('20), one of the Pennsylvania Game Commis- 
sioners, a central area bounded by a single-wired fence waist high, 
marks the sanctuary within which no killing of game is allowed, 
while the surrounding area is a public hunting ground during the 
regular open season. Under this system game has greatl\- increased 
in numbers in Pennsylvania. The location of these preserves is 
shown on the map of Pennsylvania, p. 68. 
It has been found advantageous to make these preserves of about 
three thousand acres, and not to exceed ten miles in their longest 
diameter. They are situated in the midst of a forested area. Game 
vermin on these tracts is killed ol¥ persistently, and thorough fire 
protection is given. A keeper's duties not only include protection, 
but also the planting of fruits, nuts, berries and other vegetation to 
provide food and shelter for the birds and other animals. The 
preserves are fully posted and are protected by fire lines. When- 
ever possible, in the Allegany Park, fish and game should be given 
equal protection, and in some cases it may be necessary to estab- 
lish special fish preserves, independent of the game sanctuary, in 
order to protect certain valuable breeding grounds. (See also 
Scudder, '17). 
