86 
Roosczrlt Jl'ild Life Bulletin 
On the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein are three refuges; 
Nonleroog, Jordsand, and Kllenbogen, which were founded by the 
" Jordsand Association " of Hamburg and promoted by the well- 
known ornithologist Dr. Hennicke, of Gera. All of these refuges 
have suffered severely from the war and its effects ; and EUenbo'^en, 
which has been ceded to Denmark has suffered a total loss of its 
colony by storms and egg rol)bery. 
In the Baltic Sea the founding of refuges dates from 1909. One 
of the first is a peninsula known as Priwall, at the mouth of the 
Trave, in Mecklenburg, and Langenwerder, in the Bay of W'ismar. 
both of which are subsidized by the Mecklenburg government. 
T.angcnwerder adjoins the large Island of Poel, where prior to the 
revolution there were considerable colonies of sea and other birds. 
Here, as elsewhere, lawlessness in general, and the very widespread 
lack of food among the poorer classes, have encouraged egg stealing 
and the consequent destruction of the breeding places. 
Perhaps the most interesting of the Baltic bird refuges are the 
W'erder Islands, east of Zingst, Pomerania. They are private prop- 
erty and are cared for by a protective association to guard against 
egg stealing, as far as possil)le. A great variety of sea and also 
land birds breed here, and the place has been considered the most 
important Baltic refuge. Hiddensoe. to the west of Riigen. is another 
bird colony, of considerable area as compared to the others. 
The " Bund fiir Vogelschutz " maintains some fifty large and small 
refuges, most of them in Southern Germany, this association having 
its headquarters in Stuttgart ; notably on the Federsee in Wiirt- 
temberg, several islands in the river Xeckar, near Lauft'en, and others. 
The " Deutsch Ornithologische Gesellschaft " started an obser- 
vatory for noting bird migration in 1900 at Rossiten, on the Kurische 
Nehrung, the narrow peninsula extending from Samland to Memel, 
East Prussia. This observatory has since been subsidized by the 
State, publishes extensive reports, and has solved many interesting 
problems of migration. 
At Burg Seebach, Kreis Langensalza, Thuringia, Hans von 
Berlepsch, the well-known ornithologist and bird protector, founded 
and conducts the exemplary Experiment Station for Bird Protection ; 
and we might also mention in the far east the Grosse Lauternsee. 
in East Prussia, and in the South the \\'orthsee, not far from 
Munich. 
In conclusion, it ma\- be said that bird protection enjoys wide- 
spread interest and is promoted, as far as possible, among all classes 
