A GENERAL VIEW 
9 
Italian labor. Japanese gardeners are found on the 
Pacific Coast, in Colorado and New Jersey. Poles and 
other classes of foreigners are hired extensively on 
Long Island, and large numbers of Italians are em- 
ployed in the market gardens around Boston. Many 
of the above people have gone into vegetable growing 
for themselves. On many farms a certain number of 
steady Americans are kept the year round for teamsters 
and salesmen and to look after work requiring some 
experience. 
It is always better to furnish employment for the entire 
year if this can be done. It enables the gardener to secure 
a better class of men. The day laborer does not usually 
take the interest or assume the responsibility that may 
be expected of a regular employee. For transitory labor- 
ers, piecework is preferred on many farms. This system 
is especially adapted to the harvesting and preparation 
of crops for market. If prices are properly adjusted it is 
absolutely fair to both employer and employee and re- 
lieves the gardener of much annoyance. At Norfolk, 
Va„ potatoes are cut preparatory to planting for 20 to 
25 cents a barrel, and picked ‘when dug for 10 cents a 
barrel. 
The market garden referred to (paragraphs 7 and 9) 
at Cleveland, O., is operated on the profit-sharing basis. 
The system was modeled after a plan used by a great 
manufacturing concern. Liberal salaries are paid to men 
employed by the year. The salesman receives $75 a 
month ; greenhouse and field foremen $50 and trustwor- 
thy laborers $2 a day. The salary of each regular man 
stands as so much capital invested in the business. If 
the salary is $50 a month the investment amounts to $600. 
Dividends are declared semi-annually. On this unusually 
successful farm the profits often amount to 20 or even 30 
per cent. It can be readily seen that the men get quite 
an appreciable income beyond their salaries. Again, the 
