CULTURAL DIRECTIONS 
357 
in the old books, the type of head as originally grown in 
England and in this country was more blunt or obtuse 
at the apex than the average strain now sold by seeds- 
men. It seems that in the attempt to secure earliness 
the seed growers have encouraged the conical form, 
which is now typical of the best strains. Solidity of 
head, earliness, superior quality and scant outside foli- 
age are the chief merits of this variety. The heads also 
average larger in size than some other early varieties 
cultivated less extensively. It is popular among home 
gardeners, and is unquestionably the leading early 
variety grown by American market gardeners (Figure 
66). Many strains or subvarieties have been introduced 
under new names. New Century and New Early Gem 
are examples of so-called superior varieties which have 
been grown at the Pennsylvania Experiment station. 
Charleston Wakefield is supposed to be a strain of 
the Jersey Wakefield, producing heads a third larger 
and requiring from three days to a week longer to ma- 
ture. The heads are not so pointed and the outside 
leaves are larger. The edible and shipping qualities are 
good. It is considered the most valuable variety to fol- 
low Jersey Wakefield when a pointed cabbage is wanted. 
Winningstadt heads are much more pointed than 
those of Jersey Wakefield, but about the same size, 
although those grown at the Pennsylvania station are 
considerably smaller. Because of solidity of heads, ten- 
derness and fine quality, this variety is a general favor- 
ite among home gardeners. It lacks shipping qualities, 
and is seldom planted for commercial purposes, except in 
a limited way to supply a special trade. 
Copenhagen Market now ranks close to Jersey Wake- 
field as a popular early cabbage. Tn some sections it is 
planted almost to the exclusion of the latter variety. It 
was introduced into this country from Denmark by 
Burpee. The heads are round, solid, small, with few out- 
