CULTURAL DIRECTIONS 
279 
the surface of the ground and at intervals of 12 feet pro- 
vide ventilation under the bins. In severe weather they may 
be closed by stuffing with old sacks. The bins are made 
of 2 x 4 uprights, with 4-inch boards as siding, the boards 
being placed 4 inches apart, and the uprights making an 
air space of 4 inches between bins. When the driveway 
is used for storage it is necessary to construct similar 
bins in the passage, as this is filled from the wagons 
backed in from each door toward the center of the build- 
ing. The loft may be used for storing barrels and crates. 
(See Figures 69, 70 and 71.) 
Some farmers store a few hundred heads of cabbage 
in the house cellar. If this can be kept cool, moist and 
properly ventilated, the results are generally satisfac- 
tory. Most cellars, however, are not favorable to stor- 
ing vegetables, and cabbage is an undesirable crop to 
have in the cellar of the residence. 
Outside cellars are satisfactory if properly constructed 
They may be used for other vegetables. The walls should 
be stone, brick or concrete and the roof should be pro- 
vided with air chambers, to make it frost proof. The 
cellar may be of any desired dimensions, 14 x 18 feet 
being the most common, and dug to any convenient 
depth and the walls built up even or slightly above the 
ground level. Rafters and boards may be used in the 
roof construction, or boards alone if provision is made 
for a ridge pole and purlins and supports between ridge 
pole and side walls. The roof should be covered with 
soil, sods, manure or other material, to furnish additional 
protection from cold. Small cupolas or ventilating 
shafts should be built through the center of the pit at 
intervals of about 15 feet. The gable ends should contain 
windows for light and ventilation. 
Pits of both permanent and temporary character are 
in common use. They vary in width from 8 to 18 feet. 
The wider pits are more economical in construction for 
