CULTURAL DIRECTIONS 
291 
tops and roots being able to stand some freezing, it 
will not resist the severe cold of northern winters. 
374. Varieties. — If the season is long, and early varie- 
ties are planted, the roots may send up flower stalks the 
first year. In such cases the carrot is an annual. The 
late varieties are biennial. The roots of the wild plants 
are slender and woody, but those of cultivated varieties 
vary greatly in every particular. They may be pointed 
or blunt; long, half-long, short or globular; the flesh 
may be white, yellow or purple. Goff (N. Y. Sta. Rep. 
1887, p. 133) made the following classification: 
A. Root distinctly pointed. 
B. Root long, the length exceeding four times the 
diameter. 
c. White, 
cc. Yellow, 
ccc. Orange or red, 
cccc. Purple. 
BB. Root half-long, length not exceeding four times 
the diameter. 
(Color divisions) 
AA. Root distinctly premorse, or blunt at the lower end. 
(Root and color divisions) 
Professor Goff classified 28 varieties, the following 
groups embracing the most important : 
(1) Early Short Scarlet, Early Scarlet Horn, are 
popular, very early short-rooted varieties. 
(2) Chantenay or Model, Danvers Half-Long 
Orange, Half-Long Scarlet, Oxheart and Ruiucon are 
largely planted as medium early varieties. 
(3) Long Orange is the leading late, long-rooted variety 
(4) White Belgian is a large-rooted sort grown and 
valued for stock feeding. 
375. Planting. — Most of the carrot seed used in the 
United States is grown in England, France and Ger- 
