CULTURAL DIRECTIONS 
349 
July. Northward. May is not too soon, though sowings 
August first will produce a fair crop. Kale seed is im- 
ported from England and Holland. It is usually sown 
in rows and the plants are thinned to stand 8 to 15 
inches apart according to variety. The seed need not 
be covered with more than an inch of moist soil. 
480. Marketing. — The tender leaves, which are im- 
proved by freezing, may be gathered at intervals, or the 
entire crop cut at one time. They are shipped in light, 
ventilated barrels or in hampers. Prices vary from 75 
cents to $2 a barrel. Kale is a profitable crop in the 
Norfolk district. 
KOHL-RABI (Brassica olcracca caulorapa) 
481. Importance. — This vegetable is often called the 
Turnip-Rooted cabbage. It is closely related to the cab- 
bage and just as easily grown. The stem, which is the 
edible part, is greatly enlarged immediately above 
ground. It is not as generally known nor as popular 
as it should be. "When cooked before the flesh becomes 
woody, it is superior to the turnip in edibility. The 
early crop is especially delicious. 
482. Varieties. — Green Vienna, Earliest Erfurt, White 
Vienna and Purple Vienna are the leading varieties. 
483. Culture. — The early varieties are often forced in 
cold frames and a much earlier crop may be procured in 
the open by starting the plants under glass, and trans- 
planting 1 p2 inches apart each way before setting in the 
field. Some growers prefer to sow in hotbeds or cold 
frames, transplanting in the field where the crop is to 
mature. The plants require the same general treatment 
as cabbage. 
It is customary to space about 8 inches apart in the 
row and to allow sufficient space between rows for cul- 
tivating with either hand wheel hoes or horse cultivators. 
