THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 
103 
There are several had stocks iu use in nurseries, and the sorts 
grafted on them rarely do justice to their names. The true Paradise 
is the proper thing ; it is sufficiently vigorous, it makes a great lot 
of surface roots, and promotes a short, hard growth of wood, and 
abundant fruitfulness. Having years ago secured the real Paradise 
stock, I have taken care to emjjloy it for pyramid and bush apples 
exclusively, and the result is that I have grafted and sold hundreds 
of thousands of apple trees adapted for miniature orchards. As to 
the selection of sorts, my advice to the villa gardener is to give the 
preference to long-keeping sorts of first-class quality. Selected lists 
of such will, from time to time, be given in the Floral World. It 
is an easy matter to keep a store of apples, and after the turn of the 
new year they begin to be valuable. Of course, a few early sorts 
should be included in a selection, but we can always buy apples in 
autumn pretty cheap, and the wise planter will therefore take par- 
ticular care to plant sorts that are noted for long keeping. 
There are three forms of apple trees adapted for villa gardens 
beside the Standard, of which, on the present occasion, I do not 
intend to speak. Of these three forms, I cannot do better than repeat 
in part, what I have said elsewhere, to put the case before the reader 
concisely. 
Espaliers on Crab Stocks is an old mode of training, used to 
separate the walks and borders from the other portions of the 
garden ; when neatly executed, this mode is both useful and orna- 
mental, and for heavy fruits is better than either Standards or 
Pyramids, as the fruit is not so easily blown from the trees. The 
mode of forming them is, to procure a young tree, with three or five 
branches, taking care to get a tree with the central shoot the 
strongest ; the side-shoots are to be trained in their full length, and 
if more than one pair, they ought to be trained from nine to twelve 
inches apart, and horizontally ; the side-branches are to be treated 
exactly as if each were a single cordon, and the central shoot cut 
down to fifteen inches, so as to make it break either three or five of 
its eyes — the former if it is weak, the latter if strong. This must 
be annually repeated until the trees have attained the necessary 
height — five or six feet. 
Pteamids, on various stocks, are all formed pretty much the 
same way. I shall, therefore, only treat of them upon the Paradise 
Stock, which has a wonderful power of dwarfing the trees grafted 
upon it. Of stocks called Paradise there are several kinds — the 
true or Scott’s Fommier cle Faradis, the Doucm, the Biirr Knott, 
and the Stihbert. I have trees growing upon all these kinds 
of stocks, but all, excepting the true Faradlse, are unfit for a real 
Miniature Orchard. Scott’s Fommier de Faradis is really wonderful 
in its dwarfing character ; trees w'orked upon it, not more than 
twelve to eighteen inches high, bear fine crops. The fruit is 
genei’ally larger than off the other stocks, with a peculiar aroma, 
somewhat like the fruit of the Fommier de Faradis itself. 
An orchard planted with trees upon this stock is exceedingly 
interesting, and may at first be planted eighteen inches apart : at 
this distance they may be grown for five or six years, after which 
April. 
