THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 
45 
pare the hark slightly along the edge which is to be applied to the 
unraised bark of the stock ; then, having inserted the scion, take a 
strand of bast and pass it always round in the same direction, so as 
to press the pared edge to the unraised bark ; after this, cover with 
clay, etc., as directed for tongue grafting. This mode of crown 
grafting is by far the most successful of any which I have seen or 
tried, and is more easily executed. 
A further precaution which I use, is always to include a bud in 
the under part of the scion, so that, after the clay is removed, should 
any accident occur with a favourite graft, the chances are in favour 
of being preserved in the bud. 
As to the future management of grafting stocks, it is necessary 
to keep down all young shoots, to remove the clay and ligature 
about the beginning of June, to allow for the swelling of the bark, 
and replace by another ball of clay without a ligature ; this I prefer 
to applying a ligature without clay, which is generally done, as it 
more effectually secures the grafts from wind or accidents. The clay 
may be finally removed in August. 
ON LAYING OUT GARDENS. 
N laying out gardens, it is necessary to observe a proper 
distance in planting trees, and to make due allowance 
for future growth. It is equally important to consider 
their sizes and positions in relation to the garden itself 
and to each other. Large trees in small gardens are 
very incongruous, and should by no means be admitted. .Fruit trees 
should all be of the dwarf kind, and ornamental trees and shrubs 
should be chosen in reference to their compactness when full grown. 
Taste demands attention to this rule, as it is utterly impossible to 
secure beauty in a garden overshadowed with heavy foliage. Utility 
puts in an equal claim, as no vegetable productions can be expected 
to come to perfection without abundance of light and air. 
In small gardens, when it is requisite to partition off some com- 
partment for kitchen vegetables, or for the necessary frames and 
manure heaps, it is better to have ornamental hedges than walls, as 
the former give an air of greater extent than the latter do. White- 
thorn and Privet, mixed, make a substantial hedge, green all the 
year round ; but this cannot be compared with Holly, which, both 
for beauty and effectiveness, is unequalled. The general objection 
to holly is that it grows so slowly ; but if properly planted and 
afterwards attended to, it will rapidly attain sufficient height for the 
purposes of a screen. 
In the kitchen garden, the herb bed should be put in a situation 
as near the house as possible, that unnecessary trampling on the 
paths may be avoided in bad weather. This reminds me of the im- 
portance of a proper arrangement of scrapers, which should be 
introduced frequently, that the feet may be freed from dirt before 
February. 
