240 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA 
and have the general work in accordance with the rock 
garden itself, so that there will be no direct clash of 
scheme, such as would occur were a formal garden to 
project itself right up to the rock garden. The Spanish 
Goose is a fine subject for this, its semi-wild appear- 
ance, when planted in bold groups has a pleasing effect. 
Coniferous shrubs such as juni])erus, thuga's and picea's 
too, have a harmonious blending for the approach work. 
The hardy alpine rhododendrons, can also be used ex- 
tensively, and in the rock garden proper, they are in- 
dispensable, to crown the higher parts of the rock work. 
The tall Ericas are appropriate and useful, and should 
be planted in the cooler spots of the garden, as also 
could andromedas, pernettyas, and ledums and will 
grow very nicely. 
The warmer sites can be planted with cistus, skimmia. 
and daphne pontica, the latter a very useful subject, 
though the cistus should be protected in the severest 
part of the winter. 
. The foregoing are all evergreens, and by judicious 
planting in the places designated, and in bold groups, 
they will create a unity with the smaller alpines, which 
will almost grow to their feet, as the selection of shrubs 
have a compact growing habit, and do not possess ex- 
tensive root running drawbacks, so that there is no 
impoverishing of the soil for the smaller subjects. 
Sub-shrubs too must be included and will fit in nicely 
at a lower elevation than the shrubs, and, occasionally 
intermingled w'ith the rock plants. They give artistic 
touches to the whole, and when reaching the age of four 
or more years, they develop a half wild appearance, 
which fits in ideally with the general plan. Such sub- 
shrubs as cassinia fulvida, veronica, traversii, rosemary 
and the lavendulas assume these growths and find a 
suitable situation among the rocky boulders. 
Trailing shrubs such as the low growing cotoneasters, 
muhlenbeckias, the early pink flowering erica carnca, 
and the white menziesia, planted close to the shrubs 
and leading from them to the lower subjects are very 
useful, especially the menziesia, as this gives a beautiful 
effect, with its green tufty growth in winter, and an ex- 
tended period of flowering through the summer, and 
sometimes late into the fall of the year. 
A farther effect may be given to the whole, by speci- 
men shrubs of bold aspect, planted with forethought to 
throw into relief lines and drifts of other plants, such 
shrubs as eryngiums and euphorbias, answer to this 
purpose very well. 
To come to the rock plants and alpines, there one 
must be very careful in selecting only such plants that 
are perfectly hardy in the location, and are able to with- 
stand the severity or mildness of the winter as the case 
may be. Further, the individual tastes of the plants 
must be considered as some prefer a sunny situation, 
others a shady and cool position. The burning sun of 
summer often proves a handicap to a lot of alpine 
plants, and these should always be planted on the slopes 
and inclines, which have a distinct northern aspect. If 
care has been taken in the construction of the rock 
garden, cool spots can be found readily, and in these 
mav be planted the various species of .Kelonis, Auchusa 
myosotiflora, which has blue flowers through most of 
the summer, anemone sylvestris, Aguilegia sylvestris. 
Acoerulea and Aglandulosa, Arenarias, Saxifraga, of 
which there are quite a number of varieties and species, 
the best among them being, S. virginica, S. geum, S. 
iimbrosa, S. coesia, S. cotyledon, S. aizoon, S. aizoides, S. 
appostifolea, S. erysantha, and S. longifolia. There are 
many other species of Saxifragas which are adaptable 
to rock work, and these can be added to the list above. 
Scdums can be planted in the higher ledges, and they 
cover crevices and rocks very prettily. S. ellumacre, S. 
stoloniferum and S. sieboldii are among the best. An 
indispensable alpine is the gentian. This plant may be 
also included in the stmny positions, as it does well in 
either locality, sunny or shady. Gentiana acaulis, and 
G. verna give marvellous results. Draba alpina and 
Daizoides, Greums, Primula sieboldii and other species, 
the various Epimediums, Ginguiculas, Palemonium 
replans and Phumile, Omphalodes verna, also the cam- 
panulas, of which there are numberless species, including 
Campanula carpatica, C. Pulla, C. garganica, and C. fra- 
gilis, the Cerastiums, Phlox amoena, P. subulata and 
Preptans. Dianthus and species in plenty are a great rock 
family. Eriiuis, the Edelweiss, Leontopodium alpinum, 
lychnis, Arabis, Lyachys, Senecio's which have a very 
pleasing effect when planted in bold groups, and blend 
well, when near to the shrub plantings, artemesias and 
armericas. 
The foregoing is by no means a complete list of the 
shade and hardier alpines and some of them will do 
equally as well on the sunny slopes. 
A short list of alpines that will be found to be success- 
ful on the sunny slopes should include, nepeta mussinii, 
Erigeron, Papaver alpinum and other species. Aster 
alpinus, the various types of Androsace, Achilleas, Iberis, 
the dwarf varieties of Iris, Tunica, Saxifraga, \'eronicas, 
Gypsophila, Galax aphylla, Asperula odorata, and Crepis 
hieracia. When a rock garden has such a collection of 
flowering subjects planted in it, and growing" well, there 
will be a succession of bloom from early in the spring 
until late in the fall. Given a few years growth with 
constant and careful attention the primary effect will 
be obliterated, and as the plants grow and spread over 
the surfaces of the rocks, while others will cling and 
festoon between the cracks, the shadier rocks will be 
overgrown with mosses and lichens, and the shrubs will 
crown the whole, a more pleasing phase of horticulture 
than rock gardening will not be found. 
There are other plant subjects that can be introduced 
too, more especially ferns, and if available, should the 
original construction have allowed for it, a tiny stream 
of water could be worked in, if not having been done 
so at the start of the building. The ferns which are 
most suitable are the Aspleniums, A. selovi, and A. 
\'iride, and A. germanicum. Some species of the Aspi- 
diums, .\llosorus crispus, and W'oodsia hyperborea and 
W. elvinsis planted along the banks of the stream an- 
other additional spot of beauty will be added. 
Bulbous plants also have great adaptability in rocky 
positions and apart from the actual rock garden, they 
can be utilized in the approach work, as when naturalized 
in long drifts, they prepare the way for the purely 
naturalistic effect, which would otherwise clash, coming, 
for instance, from a purely conventional style of garden- 
ing, to the rugged grandeur and beauty of a fine rock 
garden. 
Bulbs which readily find a foothold and improve the 
beauty of the garden, and which are hardy, are Chiono- 
dosea's Scillais, Muscari's, Galanthus. Crocus, and Nar- 
cissi. Planted in little colonies, they give a pleasing 
touch in the earlier part of the spring before many of 
the alpines begin to flower, and the atitumn crocus 
Colchicum autumnale, with its bright lavender flowers is 
ver}' hardy for fall work. 
In speaking of general work on the rock garden, at 
all times keep weeds suppressed, and all dead and de- 
cayed matter cleaned off" ; and it is most important that 
there be a regular supply of water given during the 
summer months especially, if the rainfall is inadequate 
to supply the needed amount of moisture. 
Should gaps occur, fill in with other plants, first 
