THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 
29 
NATIVE PLANTS FOR ORNAMENTAL 
PLANTING. 
(Continued from page 18.) 
colors at the same time. The degree of moisture, the soil 
condition and nature of the season tend to modify this. 
The following quotation from "Garden and Forest," 
1888, page 410, is interesting in this connection: 
"Everyone has noticed, in the case of the sugar 
maple, that on some individuals the leaves are golden, 
while on others a portion are scarlet, or that sometimes 
the leaves of a single branch turn scarlet while the re- 
mainder of the tree is still green. Individuals of the 
scarlet maple differ even more than the sugar maples in 
this respect. On some the leaves are pale yellow, on 
others they are green with scarlet margins ; others are 
brilliantly "scarlet. In western Massachusetts there is one 
tree of this species, now known from one end of this 
commonwealth to the other, whose leaves turn from 
green, first to deep, dark purple, and then to the most bril- 
liant scarlet. The leaves upon some trees of the white 
ash turn to a deep, bronzy purple, while in others they 
turn pale yellow. If the leaves of a particular branch of 
a maple tree assume a particular color one year, they will 
continue to do so year after year as long as the branch 
exists. If the leaves of a certain oak are more brilliant 
than those of any of its associates, they will continue to 
be so year after year. Planters, therefore, can well select 
and perpetuate those individuals as the purple beech and 
pyramidal oak have been propagated. The nurseryman 
who will propagate, by grafting, maples or oaks or elms, 
selected with reference to autumnal tints of their foliage, 
will open the way to more effective plantations than have 
vet been made in this country, and will reap the reward 
of his intelligence and enterprise. The field, so far as we 
know, is entirely a new one." 
The following are a few of the native plants which 
might be planted for color effect in autumn : 
Brownish foliage — White ash, wild red cherry, white 
oak and red oak. 
Yellow and orange foliage — Sugar maple, black maple, 
juneberry, paper birch, hazel, witch hazel, beech, tama- 
rack, poplar and bitter-sweet. 
Scarlet, crimson and red foliage — Red maple, mountain 
maple, sour-gum, sweet-gum. scarlet oak, sassafras, 
sumachs, dewberry, blackberry and Virginia creeper. 
Not only are our native plants valuable for their effect 
of flowers and foliage, but many of them add beauty of 
color to our plantations by their fruit, which in some cases 
are very abundant and bright, and many of the more per- 
sistent and bright colored ones are particularly valuable 
when we are selecting planting material for winter color. 
Among those who retain their berries in winter might be 
mentioned: Winterberry (Ilex dicidua), bitter-sweet 
(Celastrus scandens), species of ouonymus, snowberry, 
Indian currant and roses. 
Other plants valuable for the ornamental effect of their 
fruit are the flowering dogwood, native thorns, cherries, 
honeysuckles, sassafras, mountain ash, the common and 
the red-berried elder, sumachs and species of virburnum. 
Some plants have particularly bright colored bark which 
makes them valuable planting material for winter effect. 
Among these might be mentioned the red maple, twigs 
red ; striped maple, bark brown or dull green striped 
white : white and paper birch, bark white ; species of dog- 
wood with red and green twigs ; sycamore, bark whitish : 
bleckberry, twigs brownish-red ; box elder, twigs bright 
green, and various species of willows with yellow, bright 
green and brown twigs. 
Plants with numerous small twigs are very effective in 
winter when covered with ice or snow, the Indian current. 
spiraeas, gooseberries and blackberries are examples 
among the shrubs, and the birches, elms, hackberries and 
willows among the trees. For the relief of winter 
monotony in ornamental plantations our native coniferous 
and evergreen plants are of course invaluable, and won- 
derful effects may be produced by a proper selection of 
these materials. But they are not only useful for winter 
effects in our plantations, but for many other purposes and 
other seasons as well. For shelter plantations, for the 
planting out of unsightly objects and for contrast with 
each other and with deciduous material, these plants are 
of great value. We have a large number of native ever- 
green plants, growing over a wide territory. They vary 
considerably in form and size and in the color of their 
leaves. Among the most valuable for this section (Mis- 
souri ) are : The pines, the spruces, the arborvitaea, the 
cedars and the hemlock among the conifers, and the ever- 
green hollies and barberry among the broad-leaf ever- 
greens. In the east and north, where the climatic condi- 
tions are less severe, a much larger number of species 
may be utilized. 
1 have now, in a very disconnected and very superficial 
way, called your attention to some of the many uses to 
which our native plants lend themselves in ornamental 
planting, but have by no means exhausted the subject. 
All gardeners, and many persons not proficient in the 
art of gardening, are more or less familiar with exotic 
plants, but have but little knowledge of the effects that 
may be produced and the uses made of our native plants 
in ornamental planting. This, in most cases is very in- 
jurious to the cause now before us, hence the wholesale 
destruction of native plants all over this country. Let us 
first clean out the underbrush, in the slogan, so we can 
see what must be done in ornamental planting, whereas, 
in numerous cases, the very existence of the native 
growth should mean preservation, not destruction. 
DETERMINATION 
To respect my work, my associates and myself; to be 
honest and fair with them, as I expect them to be honest 
and fair with me; to be a man whose word carries weight; 
to be a booster and not a knocker; a pusher, not a kicker; 
a motor, not a clog; to base my expectations of reward on 
the solid foundation of service rendered; to be willing to 
pay the price of success and honor; to look upon my work 
as an opportunity to be greeted with joy and made the 
most of, and not a painful drudgery to be reluctantly 
endured. 
To remember that success lies within myself, my own 
brain, my own ambition, my own courage and determina- 
tion; to turn hard experience into capital for future strug- 
gles; to interest my heart and soul in the achievement of 
results; to be patiently receptive of just criticism and to 
profit by its teachings; to treat equals and superiors with 
respect and subordinates with kindly encouragement; to 
make a study of my business duties; to know my work 
from the ground up; to mix brains with my efforts; to use 
system and method in all I undertake; to find time to do 
everything needful by never letting time find me or my 
subordinates doing nothing; to hoard days as a miser does 
dollars; to make every hour bring me dividends in specific 
results accomplished; to steer clear of dissipation; to guard 
my health of body and peace of mind as my most precious 
stock in trade. 
Finally, to take a good grip on the joy of life; to play 
the game like a gentleman; to fight nothing so hard as my 
own weakness and to endeavor to grow in business capacity 
and as a man, with the passage of every day of time. — 
From Harrison Emerson's Personal Efficiency. 
