THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA 
115 
vided the work of preparation is properly carried out and 
the entire three feet or more of soil is thoroughly broken 
to pieces and plenty of rich manure intimately mixed 
with it. 
The importance of this preparatory work must be my 
excuse for dealing with it somewhat in detail. 
Roses, if we wish for the best they are capable of, do 
not lend themselves to being mixed with other things and 
are therefore invariably grown in a border by themselves, 
and by a series of borders a rose garden can be made. 
The individual border should not be too wide, five feet 
being the maximum width, so that any necessary work 
connected with the roses can, after they are planted, be 
performed without standing on the border. This width is 
suitable for two rows of plants. If there is only room for 
a border containing one row of roses then the minimum 
width should be three feet; of course it may be of any 
length. 
Roses are of course plants for the sun rather than the 
Ullrich Brunner. .1 large rose of fine form, cherry red 
in color, 
shade, but at the same time a little shade from the hottest 
sun is, all other things being equal, beneficial. Perhaps 
the ideal aspect is one where the roses can get all the sun 
up to about eleven or twelve in the forenoon and be in the 
shade for the rest of the day. The worst aspect is where 
they have no sun at all up to noon and all the sun for the 
rest of the day. It is important that the position should 
be one where there is a free circulation of air, but if there 
is an evergreen windbreak a little distance away on the 
north so much the better. It sometimes happens, how- 
ever, that we have to make the best of such conditions as 
exist and cannot always find a position that is ideal in 
every respect. Having decided upon a situation for our 
rose border which is the best under such circumstances as 
over which we have no control, we then commence to 
make it fitted for the reception of the plants. This should 
be done in the autumn if possible so as to be ready for 
spring planting, while in those places where autumn 
While Killarney. Pure JJ'hite Sport of the popular Killaruey 
Rose. Free flowering and fragrant. 
planting is successful the bed should be prepared several 
months beforehand. 
If the ground is now covered with sod this should be 
pared off and put on one side ready for mixing with the 
subsoil. The remainder of the top soil to the total depth 
of one foot should be removed and placed along the sides 
of the site of the bed, leaving two feet of subsoil to deal 
with. 
In working up ground to any depth and adding manure 
to it, it will be found to occupy more space than it did be- 
fore, and in this particular example the surface of the bed 
when finished would be at least a foot above the level of 
the surrounding ground. This is not a desirable condi- 
tion, as it would cause rains, or water added artificially, 
American Pillar. A vigorous climbing rose producing 
clusters of large single flowers of a bright pink- shade. 
