THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 
153 
HERE, THERE AND EVERYWHER 
> IK I 
TREE PLANTING These are the days when the trees are 
AND ITS REWARDS appreciated. During this period of the 
year especially they repay with good in- 
terest all the cost of their planting and care. As we rest from the 
noonday heat under the spreading branches of these "Green tents 
of the Almighty," enjoying their cooling shade and refreshing 
protection, we cannot more fittingly express our appreciation 
than by making a resolution to devote more time to tree plant- 
ing and to exercise greater vigilance in protecting our friends, 
the trees. 
Dr. Van Dj'ke in one of his poems says: "He who plants a tree 
is a servant of God." Certain it is that the planter of trees 
does something of lasting benefit to his fellow men. His work 
is not for his day and generation only but for many generations 
following. Very likely the man who set out the tender saplings 
now grown to full "treehood" — the trees under whose grateful 
shade we now find comfort and solace, received little personal 
benefit from them. His was the joy of seeing things grow and 
that was his sufficient reward. Let us plant and tend with the 
same broad vision and unselfish spirit. 
He who beautifies his home in town or country by the judicious 
planting of trees and shrubs exerts a beneficent, and refining 
influence on the community. His example stimulates others and 
cultivates a wholesome love for nature which is an essential of 
right living. Such a man is a public benefactor in the best sense 
of the term. — Tree Talk. 
OLD ENGLISH 
GARDENS. 
The subject of gardens is one that never fails 
to enchant the lover of outdoors, and Mr. 
Carew Hazlitt musters such a charming and 
out-of-the-way bundle of facts about the gardens of England, 
centuries ago. that we quote the following from his "Gleanings in 
Old Garden Literature": 
"In Alfric's tenth century vocabulary, under the Names of 
Trees, we have various kinds of oak, two sorts of hazel, the nut, 
the beech, the laurel, the apple (probably a crab), the pear, the 
medlar, the pine, the yew, the plum, the fig, the palm, the fir, the 
elm, the broom, the maple, the poplar, the heath, and many 
others. The list is extremely curious, and from the absence of 
any attempt at classification we may be entitled to form some 
idea of the want of any settled principles for laying out shrub- 
beries, plantations, and gardens. It is much the same in the pas- 
sage where Johannes de Garlandia is communicating to us wdiat 
grew in his own grounds; he adds, by the way, the vines, the 
chestnut and others. The plum mentioned above was apparently 
not the sloe, as the latter also occurs lower down in the cata- 
logue; the palm was, of course, the common plant which is popu- 
larly so christened, and does duty for the real kind ; and the 
pear, like the plum, must have been at this time very imper- 
fectly cultivated here. It may be added that in the two eleventh- 
century vocabularies there are other plants and herbs, such as 
mint, white clover, fern, foxglove, two or three sorts of thistle, 
and mugwort, and among trees box and ash. But as regards 
many of the names the compiler seems not unfrcquently to have 
had confused and erroneous notions of the Saxon equivalents for 
the Latin deneminations. The virtues of mint were understood 
very early; it is said that in the time of Edward I it was in 
vogue as a condiment, much in the same way that it is now. 
under the name of aigredouce. 
"The anonymous vocabulary of the succeeding century adds 
sothern-wood. the rose, the peony, linseed gorse. the nettle, the 
knee-holly, and many others, sufficient to show that our Saxon 
ancestors were abundantly supplied in, or not much later than, 
the age of Alfred with the means of forming gardens anil orna- 
mental enclosures. 
"We may also judge that at this distant time our moors and 
commons were already clothed with that exquisite and brilliant 
gorse which is yet so luxuriant among us. but. singularly enough, 
unknown in climates similar to our own. What accident or 
agency brought it hither? What prevented it from making other 
northerly regions sharers with ourselves in its unique nature and 
beauty? 
"The story of the great Swedish naturalist, when he visited 
England and beheld the bush for the first time, is too familiar 
for repetition. 
"Even in the list of trees which we find in the fourteenth cen- 
tury treatise of Walter de Biblesworth the various kinds are 
mingled together without effort to discriminate: the apple, pear, 
cherry, ash. broom, plum, and hawthorn occur in consecutive 
order': and as they arc connected, so probably they grew in the 
gardens of our forefathers. 
"Among the flora of the fifteenth century occur the lily, the 
water-lily (of two varieties), the cowslip, the poppy, the pimper- 
nel, the violet, the primrose, the wild thyme oi Shakespeare, the 
columbine, and 111:1113' more— some disguised by obscure and ob- 
solete designations. 
"In Worlidge's work the tulip engrosses a section. He places it 
at the head of the bulbs, and says that there was then (1677) so 
great a variety that they were not to be enumerated. 'Nor is 
it," he continues, "all the words I can invent can convince you of 
the beauty of these glories of Nature, but must refer you to the 
choice yourself or friend for you can make out of that Magazine 
of varieties that are collected for the ingenious Florist.'" 
"The example and encouragement of men like Evelyn in his day, 
and Worlidge in his, contributed to the formation of a public- 
taste, which in the succeeding generations received further ex- 
pansion and refinement at the hands of the friends and con- 
temporaries of Pope; and, later again, of those who directed 
these matters for George III, and his surrounders. 
"Worlidge considered that the rose should be placed between 
the tulip and the gilly flower, and he preferred the yellow Pro- 
vence rose. How the latter was obtained he thus explains — 'It 
had been obtained by budding a single yellow rose to the stock of 
a flourishing Frankfort rose, near the ground; when that single 
yellow is well known in that branch, inoculate your double yel- 
low rose; then cut off' all suckers and shoots from the first and 
second leaving only your last which must be pruned very near 
leaving but few buds." — Monitor. 
TRANSPLANTING T ' lese plants when planted often disappoint 
WISTARIAS because of the little growth they make for 
some time afterward. This is natural to 
the Wistaria; it taking unkindly all transplantings from the 
open ground. 
The reason is there are so few roots to the vines. A plant 
makes but one or two long, thick ones, and these penetrate to 
a great depth, and being as tough as ieather are difficult to dig. 
The digger usually crops off the roots not far from the plant, 
leaving say two to three feet of length, which lengths are 
quite devoid of fibrous roots. These roots are very slow to 
form fibres, hence there is nothing to urge on growth above 
ground, the plant standing almost or quite still for a long time, 
hence the dissatisfaction of the buyers aforementioned. There is 
this, however, to be said to the purchasers of plants. Do not 
despair if your plant is slow, for the Wistaria is most tenacious 
of life. Cases of plants remaining a whole year, from Spring 
to Spring, without making a single leaf are by no means un- 
common. They grow ultimately. 
Nurserymen adopt two ways to make safe transplantings. One 
is to shift the plants frequently from place to place in the nur- 
sery when young, the other is to grow them in pots. The latter 
plan is of most merit. A small pot plant is much more valu- 
able to the purchaser than one freshly dug. Then good soil is 
essential to growth, and given to a transplanted one will al- 
ways help along the growth so much desired. — Florist's Exchange. 
_,„_,„___,_,„ After a careful estimate and investigation of 
WIIMDRWFAKS *' ie Ta V^ increase in evergreen tree planting 
for windbreak purposes, one must come to the 
conclusion that an evergreen windbreak is not only a paying 
proposition, but in some cases an absolute necessity where the 
need for some object to act as an obstruction to the wind is felt. 
Evergreen trees are especially desirable for windbreak pur- 
poses for several good reasons. When compared with deciduous 
or leaf dropping trees, they do double duty because of the fact 
that they retain their foliage throughout the entire year, while 
the deciduous trees drop their leaves right at a time when they 
are most needed to give protection against winter storms. Two 
rows will lodge more snow and check more wind than several 
vows of deciduous trees, and in addition to their value as wind- 
breaks are a thing of beauty the year around, carrying the fresh- 
ness and verdure of summer all through the cold winter. 
A home surrounded by evergreens will put the place a hundred 
miles south in mildness and salubrity of climate, without the 
mud and chill that is common to those sections on the border 
line of frost. A belt of evergreen trees affords shelter earlier in 
life than any of the leaf-shedding tree-. 
From statistics compiled by some of the most eminent authori- 
ties in the country, it has been shown that the windbreak lessens 
the evaporation of moisture to a considerable extent, and by 
the interception of air currents over a much wider zone, reduces 
the mechanical force of the wind and influences the growth of 
crops, which is a matter worthy of serious thought among farm- 
ers whose lands arc exposed to all elements such as named above. 
— Exchange. 
