2r<2 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 
T 
DEEP DIGGING 
HE thoroughly practical man as well as the scien- 
tific, agree on the great value of deep digging. 
To such men, the present talk about worn out and 
abandoned farms and failing food supply is all non- 
sense. The remedy is a simple one. Gardeners of the 
old school claim a man owning one acre of ground has 
really two, if he cares to plow and cultivate it deep 
enough. 
Land is very much like a banking institution. You can 
draw interest and gains according to the amount of intel- 
ligent labor and fertilizer you invest — usually with com- 
pound interest — but if no deposits are made, the land or 
bank soon becomes insolvent. There is plenty of land in 
Europe, still producing good crops, that has been in 
cultivation since long before America was discovered, 
and worn out land is really a disgrace, showing bad man- 
agement rather than fault of the ground itself. 
The one prime necessity for keeping the ground in 
good heart, and so capable of producing good crops, is 
deep digging or plowing, as the case might be — espe- 
cially on heavy lands. However good the top spit of 
soil may be, if it is underlaid with undisturbed hard- 
pan, it is not likely to produce good crops. It must be 
remembered that plants can only take up the foods 
necessary to their growth while in solution. In other 
words, they cannot eat or absorb solids, so there must 
constantly be sufficient moisture in the soil to dissolve 
the plant foods that may be in contact with the roots. 
A shallow soil, underlaid with hard-pan, dries out in a 
very short period. If the same kind of ground is dug 
deeply or sub-soil plowed, it will be much more retentive 
of moisture, thus conserving it during the dry weather, 
as it acts like a sponge, holding it rather than allowing 
the moisture to run oft" as it does through the myriad 
little channels that are always formed in undisturbed soil. 
Sandy soils are least retentive of moisture, especially 
if underlaid with a gravelly sub-soil. Such soils are loose 
in texture, and deep digging is not so essential ; but an 
abundant supply of organic matter in the form of stable 
manure or green manure crops, is always advisable. 
The loamy soils and retentive clays are the ones it is 
most important to dig deeply. It would surprise many 
gardeners that have this class of land, if they would 
deeply trench their ground in the fall, throwing it up in 
ridges so as to allow the frost to get down deeply and 
disintegrate the soil. It would produce much better crops 
and be much easier to work, and would yearly improve 
rather than deteriorate under such treatment. — 
National Nurseryman. 
THE BOXWOOD AND ITS ENEMIES. 
{Continued from pa^c 242.) 
To successfully kill the Leaf Miner without injury to 
the plant, it must be sprayed with some good contact 
poison while in the fly form. One of the above named 
gentlemen found that the fly was easily killed by spraying 
it with soluble sulphur. It is very important that the 
spraying be done as soon as the fly comes out of the leaf 
and before it gets an opportunity to lay a crop of eggs in 
the new foliage of the Buxus. 
In 1912 I sprayed the Leaf Miner on June 2, 4, and 9; 
in 1913 we sprayed June 6 and 9 ; in 1914 we sprayed 
Tune 15. In 1915 only a few flies were seen. After the 
first spraying with soluble sulphur in 1912, the ground 
under the box plants was colored red with dead insects. 
Buxus Auria and Buxus Sempervirens were the first 
to be attacked with Leaf Miner. Sempervirens Suf- 
fruticosa was also attacked, but the injury to this varietv 
was not so great because the foliage is smaller and more 
dense. When watering has been neglected, this last 
named variety appears to suffer most from attacks of the 
Oyster Shell scale and the red spider. 
With me, Buxus Arborescens has been little attacked 
with the Leaf Miner. This useful variety is used exten- 
sively for growing into pyramid form. If allowed to 
grow without being sheared, it will very soon make hand- 
some specimens. Untrimmed Boxwood has come into fa- 
vor with some of our leading landscape men who are pay- 
ing fancy prices for large plants. Sempervirens Suf- 
fruticosa is much prettier and more valuable for this pur- 
pose but is very slow in growing. 
I consider Buxus Macrophylla the most beautiful va- 
riety to grow into specimens to plant singly upon the 
lawn or terrace. This charming Japanese box is quite 
distinct from the European varieties. The foliage is 
larger, round and of a dark glossy green color. It is very 
hardy and does well when planted in shady places. It is 
seldom attacked with insects. 
STATEMENT OK THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIRCULA- 
TION, ETC., required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, of 
Gardeners' Chronicle of America, published monthly at New York, N. Y., 
for April 1, 1916. 
State of New Jersey J ss> 
County of Morris J 
Before me, a notary public in and for the State and county aforesaid, 
personally appeared Geo. A. Burniston, who, having been duly sworn ac- 
cording to law, deposes and says that he is the business manager of the 
Gardeners' Chronicle of America, and that the following is, to the best 
of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management 
(and if a daily paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publication 
for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 
1912, embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the 
reverse of this form, to wit: 
1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, 
and business manager are: 
Name of — Post office address — 
Publisher, The Chronicle Press, Inc., 286 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 
Editor, M. C. Ebel, Madison, N. J. 
Managing Editor, M. E. Ebel, Madison, N. J. 
Business Manager, Geo. A. Burniston, Madison, N. J. 
2. That the owners are: (Give names and addresses of individual owners, 
or, if a corporation, give its name and the names and addresses of stock- 
holders owning or holding 1 per cent, or more of the total amount of stock.) 
The Chronicle Press, Inc., 286 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
M. C. Ebel, Madison, N. J. 
Geo. A. Burniston, Madison, N. J. 
M. E. Burniston and J. A. Burniston, both of Jersey City, N. J. 
3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders 
owning or holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount of bonds, mort- 
gages, or other securities are: (Tf there are none, so state.) There are no 
bondholders, mortgagees or other security holders. 
4. That (he two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners, 
stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not only the list of stock- 
holders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company, 
hut also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon 
the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary_ relation, 
the name of the person or corporation i"or whom such trustee is acting, 
is given ; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing 
affiant's ful' knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions 
under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the 
books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity 
other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to 
believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest 
direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so 
stated by him. 
Geo. A. Burniston, Business Manager. 
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 5th day of April, 1916. 
[seal.] F. I. Morrow. 
(My commission expires August 5th. 1920.) 
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GREENHOUSE SHADING 
Write for particulars. 
E. A. LIPPMAN, Manufacturer 
| 6 HIGH STREET, MORRISTOWN, N. J. 
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H/\RRY B/\LD\A/1IN 
Manufacturer of = 
GREEN-HOUSE SHADING 
LATH ROLLER BLINDS 
MAMARONECK, N. Y. 
Non-Kink Woven Hose 
In all lengths, 14c. per foot; with coup- 
lings. Unequaled at the price. Rem- 
nants shorter than 25 feet, 
10c. per foot, coupled 
METROPOLITAN MATERIAL CO. 
296-1412 Metropolitan Ave. Brooklyn. N. Y. 
