THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 
437 
prevailed down to the close of the Tertiary Epoch near- 
ly to the Northern Pole, and that climate was previously 
everywhere so far equable that the necessity for migra- 
tion can hardly be supposed to have existed. With the 
later refrigeration of the northern regions, bird life 
must have been crowded thence toward the tropics, and 
the struggle for life thereby greatly intensified. The 
less yielding forms may have become extinct, while 
those less sensitive to climatic changes would seek to 
extend the boundaries of their range by slight removal 
northward during the milder intervals of Summer, only, 
however, to be forced back again by the recurrence of 
Winter. Such migration must have been at first in- 
cipient and gradual, extending and strengthening as 
the cold wave Ice Age receded and opened up a wider 
area within which existence in Summer became pos- 
sible. What was at first a forced migration would be- 
come habitual and through the hereditv of habit give 
rise to the wonderful faculty which we call migration. 
Chapman thus supplements Allen's solution of the 
migration briefly : "While it is by no means certain that 
the necessity of migration did not exist prior to the 
Glacial Period, it seems probable, that whether or not 
this period actually gave rise to bird migration it 
affected the movements of birds much a Allen sug- 
gested." 
BULBS FOR WINTER FLOWERS. 
/"OCTOBER is considered to be the best time for plant- 
^ ing bulbs, although some classes of hyacinths and 
narcissus can be bedded as late as the middle of Novem- 
ber. The bulbs which are the favorites for Fall plant- 
ing are hyacinths and narcissus, which are great favor- 
ites. It is best for the bulbs, and looks, if they are set 
in earthen pans of correct depth rather than pots. They 
should be grouped, not planted singly. The best soil is 
a good garden soil, enriched with well rotted cow 
manure. In planting the hyacinth, be careful not to plant 
the bulbs too deep ; leave about an inch of the neck of 
the bulb above the soil. Narcissus should be buried, 
covered with about an inch of soil. 
Certain classes of hyacinths and narcissus are more 
tender than others and begin to put on a top growth 
much sooner than other classes of the same flower. It 
has been found that the Paper White narcissus and the 
Roman hyacinth will have to be taken into the house 
sooner than the other classes. The Paper White should 
be ready for the house in about six or seven weeks after 
potting, and the Roman hyacinth in six to eight weeks. 
Much care should be taken not to injure the tender shoots 
when transplanting. 
When the plants are taken to the house, do not take 
them directly into the warm living room. Keep the 
plants in a cool room, where there is not a great deal 
of light. This may prevent fast top growth, but it is 
the means of securing a much finer bloom when the 
plant has reached its maturity. It gives a greater vital- 
ity to the plant. 
Always be careful not to set the plants where the 
direct rays of the sun can reach them. This is very 
essential in the growth of these bulbs. Not too much 
light during the earlier period of growing. When the 
buds of the plants begin to open they may be moved to 
the living room. Even after the plants have reached 
the blossoming period, they need to be watched closely. 
During the growing period they should have a plentiful 
supplv of water. Bulbs require a great amount of 
water, so keep the soil filled with it. Sometimes there 
are complaints about plants turning yellow or looking 
diseased after they have been moved to the living room. 
This is caused in most cases by the plants suffering from 
the effect produced by fumes arising from burning gas 
or coal. 
THE EVERLASTING PEA. 
HP HE Sweet Pea, because of its beauty and fragrance, 
appears to fill all that could be desired in the wav 
of flowering Peas, and may account for the absence from 
many gardens of the Everlasting Pea. There are, how- 
ever, places where this hardy herbaceous Pea could be 
placed and which it could fill to great advantage. It 
is not only hardy and of perennial nature, but has, as 
well, the merit of flourishing in almost any soil, flower- 
ing profusely and in many colors the whole season 
through. It is not a vine to set with others in herbaceous 
collections unless it is to form a background and be 
provided with something to ramble over. It is a thrifty, 
strong grower, delighting to ramble over rocks, stumps 
of trees, or a trellis where free growth can be accorded 
it. When once planted it cares for itself ever after, 
giving flowers in abundance the whole Summer long. 
The normal color of the Everlasting Pea appears to 
be pink, but there are white, dark purple and other 
varieties of it. Its perpetual flowering is much in its 
favor, and use is found for cut flowers of it ; the white 
one is often planted by florists for the sake of its 
flowers, which prove so useful for their work in Summer 
when white flowers of this description are so scarce. It 
is unfortunate that this hardy Everlasting Pea has no 
odor. There are records of attempts being made to 
hybridize it with the Sweet Pea in order to obtain this, 
but without success. What a prize a hardv, sweet 
scented Everlasting Pea would be ! 
This hardy herbaceous Pea climbs by its leafv tendrils, 
the same as the Sweet Pea does, so it requires something 
to attach itself to, if height is required instead of its 
merely forming a bushy mass resting on the ground. A 
pile of rocks or brush is just what it likes to climb about. 
It is never suited when allowed to trail along the ground. 
Though the Everlasting Pea is not sweet scented, it 
has the advantage of being perpetual, as well as having 
larger flower clusters than the common Sweet Pea. 
Where once planted it grows afresh from the ground 
every Spring, forming its flowers the season through. 
That the flowers are not sweet scented is to be regretted. 
— Florists' Exchange. 
Of Interest to Estate Owners 
1 The National Association of Gardeners maintains a Service Bureau 
| which is at the disposal of all who may require the services of efficient 
| gardeners in their various capacities. 
The association seeks the co-operation of estate owners in its efforts 
to secure opportunities for those engaged in the profession of garden- 
| ing who are seeking to advance themselves. It makes no charge for | 
services rendered. It endeavors to supply men qualified to assume the 
| responsibilities the position may call for. | 
| Make your requirements known to 
= M, C. EBEL, Sec'y, National Association of Gardeners, Madison, N, J. 
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WANTED 
Experienced landscape gardener for work among State Superintend- |f 
I ents and owners; good possibilities for the man with exceptional ability, § 
1 Lewis & Valentino Co., Roslyn, Long Island. 
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WANTED 
P Experienced foreman at building tennis courts and roads on large ^ 
1 private estates. Permanent position with exceptional possibilities for g 
I the right man. Lewis & Valentine Co., Roslyn, Long Island. § 
