506 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA 
where the site happens to be a naturally level surface 
it is comparatively easy to rectify. Even the suggestion 
of formality would do much to mar the whole effect. It 
is therefore obvious that level ground must be made 
uneven to obtain good results. 
Here and there along the water edge should be con- 
structed a stratified embankment to represent natural 
rock formation. Wherever a boulder is allowed to jut 
into the stream the same should be matched on the oppo- 
site side by a recessed rock. Our waterway would sug- 
gest that a rapid stream had carved its passage through 
soft rock for ages, and its course had varied by the hard- 
ness of the stone. 
A pleasing contrast to the ravine would be marshes. 
These may be so arranged in part as to represent minia- 
ture beaches. A wheelbarrow load or two of pebbles 
and sand, and for occasional intrusion a huge weather 
worn boulder placed in position to give the impression 
of water erosion of the surrounding surface, would make 
an ideal beach. Nor should beaches and stratified em- 
bankment dominate the water scene. Wherever con- 
venient undulated green sward must be allowed to give 
relief in this particular feature of our scheme, and to 
mention but one of the many beautiful plants, Iris Kaem- 
feri, which is never seen to better advantage than when 
massed near the water edge, should also be prominent. 
The pathways assume much the same character as 
those suited to rock gardens excepting, perhaps, they 
be of bolder formation. These should be allowed to 
cross the stream or streams in various places and in 
various fashions. Stepping stones render shallow water 
fordable and are strictly characteristic. Vine covered 
rustic bridges are desirable where the stream is deep and 
more torrential. A couple of rectangular stone slabs, 
each securely cemented somewhat obliquely into the 
embankment so that they meet at an easy angle over mid- 
stream, make an inexpensive and unique type of bridge. 
Similarly, slabs may be horizontally laid, not exactly 
opposite each other but parallel, so that the end of one 
overreaches the other sufficiently to make the bridge 
passable. 
This latter construction requires a central supporting 
pier. 
Having already suggested a rocky formation as part 
of the water scheme, it will then be obvious that the 
entire garden should be studded with outcropping 
boulders to give the impression of a natural rock strata. 
It is not necessary to employ this formation so exten- 
sively as to appear aggressive, but rather with a view 
to its harmonizing with the surrounding landscape. A 
few outcropping boulders set in the grassy slope, or 
appearing above ground as one would expect to see them 
in stratum would answer the purpose. These boulders 
need not essentially lie massive of themselves, judiciously 
disposed they can be made suggestive of many times 
their real bulk. It is important, however, that which 
appears above ground should be weatherworn. Where 
the rockery appears in bold formation numerous fissures 
are provided for the reception of alpine plants. In and 
around the rockwork too may be planted numerous low 
growing shrubs, and admirably adapted for this purpose 
are the pigmy trees. 
In gardens of more formal layout overwrought archi- 
tectural adornment is not an uncommon tendency. Often 
the glare of marble pillars and statuary or other masonry 
is so overpowering as to render somewhat insignificant 
the planting scheme. In Japanese gardens of ideal type 
even though ornaments are necessary to give character, 
one can introduce them to advantage and without likeli- 
hood of their appearing obstrusive. Stone lanterns, 
pagodas, well-heads and tea-house are ornaments usually 
nf neutral coloring which fit the scheme of planting. 
Bold masses of the various subjects employed in the 
planting are to be recommended, with of course an occa- 
sional exception to meet certain requirements. Azaleas, 
ibex of the coenata type, andromedas, buddleia, cean- 
othus, spireas both shrubby and herbaceous, anemone, 
liliums, acers, cypripedium spectabile, eulalias, funkia, 
heuchera, hypericum, megaseas and althea are the 
names of but a few shrubs and perennials which occur to 
mind and which are suitable for massing. A host of 
climbing vines such as aristolochia, wistaria, ahebia, 
lonicera and vitis may be introduced as well as in- 
numerable low growing alpines. A few shade trees on 
the verge of decrepitude, having a scanty growth and 
their branches much warped are particularly fascinating 
employed here, whereas in isolation they would be worse 
than eyesores. Where space allowed, a sunset planting 
would be of interest. 
A well-grouped planting of berried shrubs or such as 
have intensely colored foliage would give us this pleas- 
ing element. Suitable for the purpose would be, to 
name a very few, Japanese maples, viburnum's, rosa 
rugosa, purple berberis and primus, golden alder and 
golden privet. 
Planting as a whole may be done largely to suit indi- 
vidual taste, but suggestions thus far observed are 
essential as dealing with true characteristics. It is a 
comparatively easy matter to make in itself pictur- 
esque a garden such as this I have attempted to describe 
but less easy to blend it with garden scenery so that all 
is picturesque. It should never be made to appear a too 
abrupt intrusion into the garden landscape but should 
have as a near neighbor either shrubbery, rockery, wood- 
land, or wild garden. 
fNOTHER year confronts us 
and opens the door to new op- 
portunities and larger respon- 
sibilities. What shall be its 
objective? Shall we urge 
unusual acts of self-denial, remarkable 
achievements, and consecrate our life to 
the many movements so desirable this new 
year? *1 We trust we may, and in so doing 
have a part in the progress of the world 
about us. 1 But with it all there comes a 
longing for a stronger and sweeter per- 
sonal life standard. What is the new idea, 
do you ask? It is simply the ideal of 
Jesus, of Luther, of Jefferson, Phillips and 
Lincoln — carried in industrial life. *I It 
is liberty, self-government and union, de- 
mocracy and brother-love. The strength 
of workers and the masterv of employers 
is to give way to the brighter self-interest 
— the egotistic to the altruistic. The love 
of money is to give place to the love of 
man. *I Such is the great ideal that is 
molding the present into the coming age. 
— From The Coming Age. 
i in "in 
nullum I'l 
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