' A JYew Material for Flooring, &c. 265 
NEW MATERIAL FOR FLOORING, PAVING AND ROOFING. 
This new material or compound, which forms the subject of a 
patent taken out by Mr. Cassel, of Millwall, consists of many va- 
rieties, but possessing all these common properties — that they are 
impervious, very elastic, and (there is reason to believe) exceed- 
ingly durable. 
When intended to be employed for paving or flooring, or other 
like purposes, it is composed of four varieties, which, for the sake 
of distinction, are designated as compounds, No. 1, 2, 3, and No. 
4, and are thus described : 
I prepare No. 1, compound in manner following: I saturate a 
quantity of chalk, or marl, or lime, or loamy clay, or sandy earth, 
previously reduced to the state of a fme powder, with oil of tar, 
or mineral tar, or vegetable naphtha, or any other resinous, oily, 
or fatty matter. I take one cwt. of rosin, and melt it in a caldron 
exposed to a gentle fire, until all the water in it is evaporated. 
I then throw into the caldron two cwt. of the saturated chalk or 
other earth, and mix it well with the melted rosin. I next add 
from three to six pounds of liquid caoutchouc, (India Rubber) 
or from one to three pounds of essential oil of tar or turpentine, 
or some other oily or fatty, or cementitious substance, (varying 
the quantity according to the degree of elasticity desired to be 
given to the ultimate compound), and after that, from three to 
five pounds of sulphur ; and finally, two cwt. of fine dry grit, 
keeping all the while the contents of the caldron well stirred, till 
the whole are thoroughly amalgamated. When cool, this com- 
pound is of a slatish grey color, and of a close, granular texture. 
No. 2 compound is prepared in the same way as No. 1, and com- 
posed of the same materials, and in like proportions, excepting 
only that I substitute for the rosin, vegetable pitch, and use a 
larger proportion of sulphur, say from 6 to 8 lbs. No. 3 is 
also prepared in the same way as No. 1 and 2, and composed of 
the same materials in the like proportions, excepting that instead 
ofthe rosin or vegetable pitch, I use equal parts of rosin and 
Stockton tar, and reduce the quantity of sulphur to about 4 lbs. 
No. 4 compound differs from 3 in the substitution of equal parts 
of rosin and mineral, or coal tar, for the equal parts of rosin and 
vegetable pitch. 
These compounds may be used by themselves — " being laid 
down in a hot and fluent state, and of sufficient thickness ;" or 
they may be employed in any of the following states of combi- 
nation. 
Firstly — They may be combined with any of the natural 
