532 Madura or Osage Orange. 
there is no class of society more dependent upon the exercise of 
far-sighted economy than they, for the acquisition of those ele- 
ments of wealth, which vouchsafe comfort to the homestead. In 
speaking of economy, we do not mean that contracted kind that 
would shut the door against that generous hospitality which brings 
neighbors together upon the broad platform of brotherhood, and 
impart to life its most enchanting charms; but that true economy 
which husbands means and directs them to noble ends — which in 
the application of fertilizers, adapts them to the peculiar necessi- 
ties of the soils of our several fields — which takes pains to discover 
what those necessities are — which garners up manure from every 
available source and preserves it from the deteriorating effects of 
the weather, and which, in the setting and cultivation of our crops, 
are always timely and never out of season. 
And now, since " the summer is ended" and the harvest has 
passed, let us return thanks to an all-wise and beneficent Provi- 
dence, for the bountiful crops he has seen fit to bestow on us; and 
let our heairts be impressed with a high sense of gratitude to the 
Giver of all good. And while we pour out our gratitude for 
crowning our labors with success, let us not forget that kindness 
to our domestic animals is as much our duty as its performance 
will prove our interest; that in proportion to our attention in 
feeding them well and keeping them warm, will they increase in 
value. 
MACLURA OR OSAGE ORANGE. 
Very much having been published on the value of the Madura 
for live fences, that is calculated to misguide the credulous and 
inexperienced in this matter, I have deemed it my duty to give a 
somewhat detailed account of my experience with the Madura 
hedge as a farm fence. 
We have, upon the Institute farm, not less than one hundred 
rods of this fence, between the lots used for common tillage, dif- 
fering in age from three to nine years, and in all there is not but 
about thirty rods that forms an efficient fence. That is about 
