52 ROSES. [March. 
chie, above one hundred ; H. alba, fifty ; JR. rubigindsa, 
thirty ; and of various sorts above eleven hundred. In seve- 
ral individual collections of Europe, there are cultivated 
above fifteen hundred species, sub-species, and varieties. 
When planted, they are too frequently crowded indiscri- 
minately among other shrubs, which prevents them having 
the effect they would have if planted singly or grouped. 
They vary in size, in different sorts, from one to ten feet. 
When planted in the latter method, they should be assimi- 
lated in size of leaves and manner of growth, with the great- 
est variation of flower ; or, if planted in small patches, each 
distinct in colour, will have a very picturesque effect. Another 
desirable and fanciful method is to plant them in figures, 
with edgings of wire, willow, or any other substitute, in 
imitation of basket-work, which is called " baskets of roses/' 
the ground enclosed in the basket margin to be made convex, 
which will present a greater surface to the eye ; the strong 
shoots to be layered, or kept down by pegs in the ground, 
having the points of the shoots only to appear above the soil, 
which should be covered with moss. With this treatment, 
in a few years the whole surface of the basket will be covered 
with rose-buds and leaves, of one or various sorts. If two 
or three of the larger-growing sorts are taken, such as Moss 
or JProvins, they may be trained so as to cover a surface of 
several square yards. 
A modern invention in the cultivation of the rose is to 
grow them in shape of trees, by budding on strong-grow- 
ing kinds at different heights from the ground, according to 
taste, and the purposes intended. If budded on Rosa ca- 
nt na, or Dog Rose, they are much more valuable : it is a last- 
ing and strong-growing stock ; and the worst of all stocks is 
the Boursalt rose, and it is too frequently resorted to, being 
easy of propagation. They will form in a few years hand- 
some round heads, which will flower more freely than by 
layers, or trained on their own stalk. They are particularly 
desirable among low shrubs. When planted, they should be 
well supported by strong rods, to prevent the wind from de- 
stroying them. If any of the roots have been bruised in 
lifting, cut off the bruised part with the knife, and likewise 
shorten the young shoots j breaking the earth well about 
their roots when planting. The rose has been an esteemed 
shrub among all civilized nations. The flowers arc double, 
