ON PRUNING. 317 
well about the roots, which will encourage the plant to put 
forth new roots for its farther support. Transplanting should 
always be done in dry and mild weather, and when the soil 
is mellow and free. During the removal the roots must be 
carefully kept from exposure ; the atmosphere would dry up 
their tender extremities, and cause much injury; and, when 
vines are brought from a distance, this precaution ought to 
be carefully put in practice. Its first season's growth should 
be confined to one stem only, carefully cutting off all lateral 
shoots within one eye of the main shoot, as directed on the 
subject of propagation. 
ON PRUNING. 
The first year's growth of a transplanted vine should, in 
November, be cut down within four inches of the ground, and, 
on the appearance, cover the plant with about three inches of 
stable litter, allowing it to remain in this state till the middle 
of March. The plant will now push strongly, and two of the 
best shoots should be trained their full length during summer, 
carefully nipping off tendrils and laterals, and, at all times, 
securing the shoots from the effects of high winds. If walls 
are used for training, there should be slats fixed about one 
inch from the wall, to tie the shoots thereto, using soft mate- 
rial for the purpose of tying ; if the vines should show fruit, 
cut it off. 
Having the previous season retained two well-grown shoots 
from near the surface of the ground, you will now, in Novem- 
ber, tie these in a horizontal position, about six or eight 
inches above the surface, cutting them at nearly two feet dis- 
tance from the main stem. In the following month, February, 
when the weather is mild, displace every alternate bud, ob- 
serving that it is those on the under side of the shoot. If 
everything has been attended to in soil, planting, and pruning 
that we have advanced, there may be expected to arise four 
shoots from each of these horizontal branches, which, if any 
show fruit, it must be cut off; these young shoots must be 
trained upright during summer, being careful to displace every 
other as they appear. Some approve of training these young 
upright shoots in a serpentine form, which, in our opinion at 
present, is of little consequence; but top them about the end 
