52 THE NURSERY. [Jan 
plant for this purpose is the hawthorn; but a paling, or other similar 
close fence, either in general or part, would be extremely useful, 
against which to train young wall-trees to a proper growth for 
garden or espalier plantations. 
The ground must then be all regularly trenched one or two 
spades deep, according as the natural depth of the soil will admit, 
for by no means dig deeper than the natural good soil, being either 
one spade, one and a half, or two spades deep. 
Then, having trenched the ground, proceed to divide it by walks 
into quarters and other compartments; a principal walk should 
lead directly through the middle or some principal part of the 
ground, which may be from five to eight or ten feet wide, according 
as it shall seem proper for use or ornament, having a broad border 
on each side: another walk should be carried all round next the 
outward boundary, four or five feet wide, leaving an eight or ten 
feet border next the fence all the way; then may divide the inter- 
nal part by smaller cross walks, so as to form the whole into 
four, six or eight principal divisions, which are commonly called 
quarters. 
One or more of the divisions must be allotted for a seminary, 
i. e., for the reception of all sorts of seeds for raising seedling plants 
to furnish the other parts; therefore divide this seminary-ground 
into four feet wide beds, with foot-wide alleys at least between bed 
and bed: in these beds should be sown seeds, &c. of all such trees, 
shrubs and herbaceous plants as are raised from seed; and which 
seeds consist both of the various sorts of kernels and stones of fruit, 
to raise stocks for grafting and budding; seeds of forest and 
ornamental trees, shrubs, &c., and seeds of numerous herbaceous 
perennials, both of the fibrous-rooted and bulbous-rooted tribes: the 
sowing season is both spring and autumn, according to the nature of 
the difierent sorts, which is fully illustrated in their proper places; 
and when the young tree and shrub seedling-plants so raised are 
one or two years old, they are to be planted out in nursery-rows into 
the other principal divisions; but many kinds of herbaceous plants 
require to be pricked out from the seed-beds, when but from two 
to three or four months old, as directed for each under their own 
respective heads. On the other hand, most kinds of bulbous seed- 
lings will not be fit for planting out in less than one or two years. 
Another part of the nursery -ground should be allotted for stools 
of various trees and shrubs for the propagation by layers, by which 
vast numbers of plants of different kinds are propagated. These 
stools are strong plants of trees and shrubs, planted in rows three 
or four feet distance every way, and such of them as naturally rise 
with tall stems, are, after being planted one year, to be headed 
down near the ground, to force out many lower shoots conveniently 
situated for laying. 
And as to cuttings, suckers, slips, ofF-sets, &c., those of hardy 
trees, shrubs and plants may be planted in any convenient com- 
partment, and in shady borders, &c., and for the more tender kinds 
should allot some warm sheltered situation. 
