Jan.] the NURSERY. 55 
making the side next the line perfectly upright; then placing the 
plants upright against the back of the trench close to the line, at 
the proper distances before mentioned; and as you go on, trim in 
the earth upon their rootsj when one row is thus planted, tread 
the earth gently all along close to the plants, and then proceed to 
plant another row. A third method of planting out small tree and 
shrub plants is, having set the line as above, then turning the spade 
edgeways to the line, cast out the earth of that spit, then a person 
being ready with plants, set one in the cavity close to the line, and 
directly taking another such spit, turn the earth in upon the roots 
of the plant, and then placing another plant into the second cut, 
cover its roots with the earth of a third spit, and so on to the end; 
but sometimes when the roots are considerably larger, holes are 
made along by the line wide enough to receive the roots freely 
every way, so covering them in, as above, as you go on, observing 
always to press the earth gently with the foot close to the roots, 
and close about the stems, to settle the plants firmly in their pro- 
per position. 
Herbaceous fibrous-rooted plants are, for the most part, planted 
with a dibble, except when the roots are large and spreading, or 
such as are removed with balls of earth, then they are more com- 
monly planted by holing them in with a garden trowel, or small 
spade. 
Bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants sometimes are planted with 
a dibble, but many sorts may also be planted in drills drawn with 
a hoe. These sorts are also sometimes planted as follows: rake 
or trim the earth from off the top of the beds from about three to 
four inches deep into the alleys, then place the roots in rows upon 
the surface, thrusting the bottom a little into the ground, and imme- 
diately cover them with the earth which was drawn off into the 
alleys for that purpose, spreading it evenly over every part, so as 
to bury all the roots an equal depth. 
But as to the tender kinds of exotic plaints that require occasional 
shelter whilst young, many of them should be potted, in order for 
moving to a warm situation in winter, or some into frames, &c., to 
have occasional shelter from frost, by glasses or mats, as they shall 
require; hardening them, however, by degrees, to bear the open air 
fully in the nursery the year round. 
And the most tender kinds that require the aid of a green-house 
or stove, must all be potted and placed among the respective plants 
of those conservatories. 
General culture of the Plants of this department. 
With respect to the management of the various hardy nursery 
plants: — 
Those designed as stocks for fruit trees should have their stems 
generally cleared from lateral shoots, so as to form a clean, straight 
stem, but never to shorten the leading shoot until it is decayed, or 
becomes very crooked, in which case it may be proper to cut it 
down low in spring, and it will shoot out again, training the main 
