jan^.] the orchard. 45 
also almonds, quinces, gooseberries, currants, raspberries, and 
every other kind of hardy fruit bearing trees and shrubs, which 
are usually planted either' in the fruit-garden or orchard. 
You may also prune each and every of the above kinds, according 
to the directions given in this month, March and October; and in 
the tvi'o last months you will find ample instructions, both for pre- 
paring the ground and planting the various kinds of fruit trees 
above mentioned. 
THE ORCHARD. 
The Orchard is a department consigned entirely to the growth of 
standard fruit trees for furnishing a large supply of the most useful 
kinds of fruity in which you may have as standards, apple, pear, 
plum, cherry, peach, apricot; quince, almond, and nectarine trees; 
also mulberries, filberts, medlars, and berberries; Spanish chestnuts 
and English walnuts; which two latter are more particularly appli- 
cable for the boundaries of large orchards, in which they will screen 
the other trees from impetuous winds and cold blasts, all of which 
are to be arranged in rows at the distances directed in March and 
October; in which months you will find ample directions for raising, 
propagating, and planting the various kinds of fruit trees necessary 
for all the departments. 
But sometimes orchards consist entirely of apple trees, particu- 
larly when apples are wanted in large quantities for cider or whis- 
key-making; and sometimes whole orchards of very considerable 
extent of peach trees, when the fruit is designed for distillation; 
likewise entire orchards of cherry trees, but particularly within a 
moderate distance of large cities and towns where sale can be 
obtained for the fruit; pear orchards are also extensive where 
people are in the habit of making perry. 
A general orchard, however, composed of all the before men- 
tioned fruit trees, should consist of a treble or more proportion of 
apple and peach trees, because they are considerably the most use- 
ful fruits, particularly the former, as they, exclusive of their use in 
distilling and cider-making, may be continued for table use, in the 
different sorts, the whole year round. 
The utility of a general orchard, or orchards, both for private 
use and profit, stored with the various sorts of fruit trees, must be 
very great, as well as aftbrd infinite pleasure from the delightful 
appearance it makes from early spring till late in autumn; in 
spring the various trees in blossom are highly ornamental; in 
summer the pleasure is heightened by observing the various fruits 
advancing to perfection; and as the season advances, the mature 
growth of the different sorts arriving to perfection in regular suc- 
cession, from May until the end of October, must aftbrd great de- 
light as well as profit. 
