March.] THE NURSERY. 255 
of the stock; and in this manner you may put four, five, or more 
grafts as may seem convenient into each stock, and bind them 
round with strong bass. 
When the grafts are all thus fixed you must immediately apply 
a good quantity of well-wrought clay, bringing it close about the 
stock and grafts, observing to raise it at least an inch above the top 
of the stock in a rounding manner, so as to throw the wet quickly 
off, and prevent its lodging or getting into the work, which would 
ruin all. 
This method of grafting is sometimes called shoulder-grafting, 
and grafting in the rind, and was much more in practice formerly 
than at present; for although the grafts take freely they are liable 
to be blown out by strong winds after they have made large shoots, 
which has frequently happened after three or four years' growth, 
so that when this method is practised, the evil must be remedied 
by tying some firm sticks to the body of the stock or branch that 
is grafted, to which the young shoots must be tied, or they must be 
made fast to some convenient support that will answer the same 
end; or even tying them to one another, should the grafts take on 
opposite sides of the stock, will answer a good purpose. 
This kind of grafting may be performed a week or ten days 
later than the other methods; for it will prove most successful if 
done when the sap begins to be in active motion, as then the bark 
of the stock will separate from the wood more freely to admit the 
graft. 
When the scions are well taken, treat them as directed under 
the head Cleft-grafting. 
Fourth, by Side- grafting. 
This is done by inserting grafts into the sides of the branches 
without heading them down, and may be practised upon trees to 
fill up any vacancy, or for variety, to have several sorts of fruit on 
the same tree. 
It is performed thus: fix upon such parts of the branches where 
wood is wanting to furnish the head or any part of the tree; there 
slope off the bark and a little of the wood, and cut the lower end 
of the graft to fit the part as near as possible; then join it to the 
branch, first tongueing both as in whip-grafting, tie them with bass, 
and clay them over. 
Fifth, hy Root- grafting. 
This is done by whip-grafting scions upon pieces of root turned 
up about half an inch thick, either as the roots remain or separated, 
and immediately replanted. 
Here it will be well to observe that grafting is frequently done, 
and very often with good success, without the assistance of grafting- 
clay or any other prepared composition. The method is. this: head 
down your stocks near the surface of the ground, and graft them 
as low as you possibly pan; bind them neatly, as in other cases. 
