264 THE NURSERY. [March. 
inch deepj they will come up freely, and when a year old may be 
transplanted into nursery rows till of sufficient size to plant. If to 
be planted in the face of ditches, they will in the second year be in 
prime condition for that purpose. 
The elm makes a good hedge, and is propagated by seed, suckers, 
or layers; when by seed it should be sown as soon as ripe, which, in 
the middle states, is between the 15th and 20th of May; it may be 
sought for and collected at that time, dried for four or five days, 
and then sown broad-cast on a bed of good earth, covering the seed 
not more than a quarter of an inch deep; they will vegetate imme- 
diately, and when up, must be kept very clean and free from weeds. 
All kinds of elm may be propagated freely from layers, in the 
manner directed under that article. 
Holly Hedges. 
Of all other plants there is none that makes a more durable, 
close and beautiful hedge than the holly, nor one that agrees better 
with the shears: it may be clipped and dressed to any form; the 
seeds do not vegetate till the second spring after their being ripe, 
and consequently must be treated as directed for haws, page 151, 
&c. They must remain two years in the seed-bed, and then 
should be planted either in the face of ditches, or into nursery 
rows, if intended for ground hedges; for which there is no equal 
as to beauty, shelter and closeness. The latter end of April is the 
best season to plant them: they never thrive well when taken out 
of the woods, but are very prosperous when cultivated by seed, 
though not of rapid growth for a few years. 
White Mulberry and Lombardy -Poplar Hedges. 
The white midberry makes a tolerably good hedge, and may be 
easily propagated by washing the seed out of the pulp when the 
fruit is ripe, drying and preserving it till the latter end of March, 
or beginning of April, when it may be sown on a bed of light rich 
earth, and covered about a quarter of an inch deep; the plants will 
appear towards the latter end of April, when they must be kept 
carefully wed, and when a year old some of them will be fit to plant 
into nursery rows; the small plants may remain in the seed-bed a 
second year, and then transplanted either into the face of ditches 
or nursery rows as above. They are also cultivated by layers and 
cuttings, but not so successfully by the latter as by either of the 
former methods. 
The Lombardy poplar is propagated by cuttings, which grow 
very freely; the most eligible size for these, though much larger 
are frequently used, are such as are from three-quarters of an inch 
to an inch in diameter, about twelve or fourteen inches long, and 
are to be planted two-thirds of their lengths into the earth. These 
and the mulberry bear clipping very well, but not being spiny, they 
never make formidable fences. 
