272 THE NURSERY. [March. 
the seeds are ripe. All the kinds take freely by grafting on one 
another. 
The Tilia americana, or American lime or Linden tree, together 
with every other species of the same genus, is easily propagated by 
layers, or by sowing the seeds in October or November, or in March, 
if preserved in dry sand till that time. Sow the seeds on an even 
surface, clap them in with the back of a spade, and cover them a 
little better than half an inch deep. 
The Nyssa integrifolia, or upland tupelo-tree, or sour-gum, is 
propagated by seed, suckers, layers, or cuttingsj if by seed sow 
them immediately when ripe, covering them an inch deep; some of 
them will come up the spring following, but many not till the second 
year. The better way would be to prepare them as directed for 
haws, and in the ensuing March examine themj if you then find 
many showing symptoms of vegetation, sow them; if not, let them 
remain till that time twelve months. 
Deciduous Cypress, White Cedar, and »^rbor Vitx. 
The Cupressus disticha, bald or deciduous cypress, grows to an 
enormous large size, the foliage of which is uncommonly beautiful 
during the summer months. It is propagated by sowing the seedjn 
March, in beds of good mellow earth, covering them half an inch 
deep; they must be kept very free from weeds, and when two years 
old transplant them from the seed-beds into nursery rows. 
The Cupressus thyoides, or white cedar, is propagated by sowing 
the seeds, which are very thin and flat when taken out of the cones, 
in boxes of light earth, taken from swampy ground, and covered 
about the aighth of an inch, or a little more, with loose, rich mould 
sifted evenly over them; they must have frequent sprinklings of 
water, and when up, and the heat increases, the boxes must be 
removed into the shade. You must keep them very free from weeds, 
as many of the seeds will not grow till the second year. When 
they are two years old transplant them into nursery rows, in moist 
light swampy ground. 
The Thuya occidentalism or American arbor-vitae, is propagated 
by layers and cuttings, or by sowing the seed as directed for the 
white cedar, with this difference, that it will not be necessary to 
procure swampy earth for it, as it thrives best in upland. 
The Thuya orientalis, or Chinese arbor-vitae, maybe propagated 
in like manner as the occidentalis. 
All the above kinds, if raised by seeds, will require some pro- 
tection during the two first years, from very rigorous frosts. 
Pines and Firs. 
The pines and firs, though ranked under the same genus, (Finns,) 
may be easily distinguished from one another, as the leaves of 
the former come out by two, three, or more, from the same sheath, 
and those of the latter singly. In the cedar of Lebanon and 
larch, they arise in bunches from the same bud, spreading out 
every way. 
