March.] THE NURSERY. 285 
stubborn. When they come up an inch or two, let the hoe draw- 
carefully mould around them. 
"By the third method, the ground is prepared as for corn, well 
broken with the harrow, and if necessary, the roller; and let a cul- 
tivator be run with one horse, from three to four feet, in parallel 
lines, forming a furrow as for corn. 
"The trees are laid horizontally, the root of one to the top of an- 
other from one end of the row to another, the root laid deeper than 
the tree, and let the hoe cover them about one or one and a half 
inches. 
"The fourth method is by cutting a tree up into pieces of from 
twelve to fifteen inches, and laying them in the furrow, prepared as 
in the last method, so as to leave a space between each piece equal 
to the length of the cutting." 
The Paper Mulberry, and method of making Paper of its Bark. 
The Morus papyrifera, or paper mulberry. This tree makes 
very strong vigorous shoots, but seems not to be of tall growth; it 
drives up an abundance of suckers from the roots, by which it is 
easily propagated. The leaves are large, some of them entire, 
others cut into two, three, or four lobes, sporting themselves into 
various forms, and scarcely two to be found alike on the same tree, 
especially while young; they are of a dark green, and rough to the 
touch on the upper surface, but pale green and somewhat hairy on 
the under side, falling ott" on the first approach of frost in autumn. 
Their fruit is little larger than peas, surrounded with long purplish 
hairs, when ripe changing to a black purple colour, and full of 
sweet juice. 
It is a native of Japan and the South Sea Islands; and according 
to Mr. Miller, of China and South Carolina, whence he received 
the seeds. The inhabitants of Japan have, for ages, been in the habit 
of making paper from its bark: they cultivate the trees for this 
purpose, on the mountains, much in the same manner as we do 
osiers, cutting them all down for use every autumn after the leaves 
are fallen. 
The finest and whitest cloth worn by the principal people at 
Otaheite and in the Sandwich Islands, is made of the bark of this 
tree; which they frequently dye red. The bread fruit tree makes 
a cloth inferior in whiteness and softness, w^orn there chiefly by the 
common people. 
Paper making having a connection in this instance with objects 
of my attention, and the probable use it may be of to the community, 
induces me to give additional publicity to the following method of 
manufacturing it from the bark of the paper mulberry tree; the 
more especially as such has been attempted last year, and with good 
success, by the laudable exertions of Mr. William Young, proprie- 
tor of the Brandywine paper-mills, in the state of Delaware. It is 
extracted from Marty n's edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, 
and quoted by him from Kaemfer. I am^not certain what kind of 
mulberry Mr. Young had used for that purpose, nor whether it was 
