422 THE PLEASURE, OR [June. 
When the scarlet predominates, and is united with a paler colour, 
or, as it sometimes happens, with a very deep purple upon a white 
ground, it constitutes a scarlet bizard, of which there are many 
varieties, some richer and others paler in their colours, as is the 
case with all the rest. 
Pink bizards, are so called when the pink abounds. Purple 
bizards, when the purple abounds. Crimson bizards consist of a 
deep purple and rich pink. 
When the pink^aA'e is very high in colour it is distinguished by 
the appellation of the rose flake; but there are some so nearly in 
the medium between pink and scarlet that it can scarcely be 
defined to which class they belong. 
Propagating Carnations by Laying and Piping. 
When carnations, &c. are propagated in the open air by their 
shoots or layers connected wath the mother plant, the operation is 
called laying; but when they are propagated by cuttings taken 
from the original plant, and by the assistance of artificial means 
caused to strike root in a confined air, it is called piping them. 
The operation of laying or piping, is to commence as soon as the 
plants are in full bloom; nevertheless, those who are particularly 
desirous to preserve their bloom in the greatest perfection, may 
defer it till the flowers are on the decline; but others anxious to 
have their plants strong and well rooted early in autumn, with a 
view that the layers may be better prepared to endure the severi- 
ties of the ensuing winter, begin to lay at the commencement of 
the bloom; at which time, the plants being full of juices and 
vigour, the layers are the better nourished and supported, and 
soon strike root: but it must be allowed that the bloom is consider- 
ably impaired by the wounds inflicted in the operation, particu- 
larly so when performed in an early stage of it; the old plants 
seldom survive unless very strong and sound, or some of the upper 
young shoots be left, such as are too short to be laid with conve- 
nience; these will encourage and continue the circulation of the 
juices if suffered to remain. 
Previous to entering on the operation of laying you must be pro- 
vided with a suflicient number of wooden or other pegs, each to be 
about five or six inches long, and formed somewhat like the figure 
7, that is, with a short hooked end. The operator should, likewise, 
be provided with a table, on which to place the pots, for the greater 
convenience in the examination, dressing, and laying of the shoots, 
also with a sharp pen-knife, and some fresh compost earth. 
The layer may be supposed to have four or five joints, more or 
less; the lower leaves next the root are all to be cut or stripped off 
close to within two or three joints of the extremity of the layer, 
and its extreme points are to be shortened by cutting the tops off 
with the knife, so as to leave them only an inch and a half or two 
inches in length from the joint whence they proceed. 
All the layers in the pots are to be thus treated or prepared 
before any further procedure be made; the surface of the earth is 
