July.] THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 433 
Carrots. 
Towards the end of this month you may sow some carrot seed 
to raise young roots for the table in autumn and winter. Choose 
an open situation and light ground, and let the seed be sown im- 
mediately while the earth is fresh after being dug. When the 
plants are up an inch or two, thin them to five or sis inches every 
way. 
Celery. 
This is a proper time to plant out into trenches a full crop of 
celery, for autumn and winter use; let this be performed, in every 
respect, as directed in page 407, which see. The red stalked celery 
is extremely valuable, blanches very white, and is by most people, 
who have had the opportunity of cultivating it, preferred to any 
other. 
The following method of planting out celery may also be prac- 
tised, which for the ease of preserving the plants in winter will be 
found extremely convenient; besides, a greater quantity can be 
raised on the same complement of land. Lay out the ground into 
four feet wide beds, with alleys between of three feet; dig the beds 
a spade deep, throwing the earth upon these alleys; when done, lay 
four or five inches of good, well-rotted hot-bed or other dung all 
over the bottom of the beds, dig and incorporate it with the loose 
earth remaining, and cover the whole with an inch or an inch and 
a half of the earth from the alleys; plant four rows in each bed at 
equal distances, and eight inches apart in the rows; after which, 
give them a plentiful watering, and stick down small branches of 
cedar, or of any kind of evergreen shrubs between the rows, to 
shade them from the sun till well rooted, when the branches are to 
be taken away. The plants must be kept free from weeds till 
grown of a sufficient size for earthing, which is done with the as- 
sistance of boards, by laying them along the rows to support the 
leaves while you are putting in the earth from the alleys, and re- 
moving them as you progress in the business. For the method of pre- 
serving the plants in winter see the Kitchen Garden'm November. 
Land or earth up your early crops of celery, first breaking the 
earth fine with the spade, and then laying it up neatly to both sides, 
always preserving the tops and hearts of the plants free, that they 
may continue in growth without any interruption; repeat this 
earthing at intervals of eight or ten days, till the plants are suffi- 
ciently blanched and of proper size for use. Sow a little more 
seed in the first week of the month to answer for a late crop, if 
such should be wanted. 
Turnips. 
Any time between the twentieth of this month and the middle of 
August, a principal crop of turnips may be sown for autumn and 
winter use; but the earlier they are sown in that period, the larger 
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