Oct.] the FRUIT GARDEN. 525 
roots of full grown carrots, beets, parsneps, turnips, Jerusalem 
artichokes, &c. which are to be preserved as directed in November. 
Southern States. 
In Georgia, South Carolina, and the parts of North Carolina 
south of the 35th degree of latitude, you may now sow the seeds of 
carrot, parsnep, beet, onion, parsley, cresses, spinage, and several 
other kinds of hardy garden vegetables: plant out from the 
seed-beds cabbage and cauliflower plants: sow peas, and plant 
early Mazagan and Windsor beans, with every other variety of the 
Vicia Faba. 
In North Carolina, generally, Tennessee, and the southern parts 
of Virginia and Kentucky, you may sow peas, plant the above species 
of bean, sow carrot, parsnep, onion, parsley, and other hardy seeds; 
plant out cabbages, and also cauliflower plants^ but the cauliflowers, 
if the winter is any way severe, will require the protection of 
hand glasses, oiled-paper caps, frames, or the like, as directed in 
page 515. 
THE FRUIT GARDEN. 
Gathering Winter Pears and Apples. 
Gather your winter pears and apples as they ripenj but for 
particulars see the article Orchard for this month. 
Pruning. 
Towards the latter end of the month, you may begin to prune 
such trees as have completely shed their leaves, but by no means 
lay your knife to a tree, for a general pruning, till this is the case. 
In the middle states I would not recommend the pruning of 
peach, nectarine, almond, and apricot trees before the latter end of 
February, nor in the eastern states before the first week in March; 
but they should not be much longer neglected. In the southern 
states they may be pruned at any time between the periods in which 
tiiey shed their leaves and the latter end of January. 
Apples, pears, plums and cherries, being perfectly hardy, may 
be pruned, in any part of the United States, immediately after 
they drop their leaves, or in November, December, or January, 
&c. But were it not on account of performing work when it can 
most conveniently he done, I would prefer early spring pruning of 
all kinds of trees to any other, on account of the recent luounds 
healing and covering over with bark more immediately when vege- 
tation soon follows, than those anteriorly inflicted. 
For the method of pruning the various kinds of wall and espalier 
fruit-trees, &c. see page 23, &c. 
