528 THE FRUIT GARDEN. [Oct. 
Planting Raspberries. 
There are many varieties of the Ruhus idaeus, or European 
raspberry, but the most preferable are the large common red, the 
large commoa white, the red Antwerp, and the white Antwerp 
raspberries. 
The smooth cane double-bearing raspberry is cultivated in some 
places, as it produces one crop of fruit in June, and another in 
October^ but the fruit are few and small, which has occasioned its 
being neglected. 
Of the Rubus occidentalis, or American raspberry, we have two 
varieties, the black fruited, and the red fruitedj the latter is pre- 
ferable in taste and flavour to the black variety. 
Raspberries do not thrive well under the shade of trees, nor in 
such situations are their fruit well flavoured^ therefore they should 
be planted in a detached airy piece of ground, naturally good, or 
artificially made so. As to the choice of plants and method of 
planting them, I refer you to page 221. 
Such as you plant between the middle and latter end of this 
month, will make new roots before winter, and produce some good 
fruit next season^ but in the year following they will bear plenti- 
fully. 
Dressing and Pruning Raspberries. 
When your new plantations are finished, and all the stout, strag- 
gling suckers taken away for that purpose, dig the ground of the 
old standing plantations carefully, clearing out by the roots the 
remaining useless and scattered suckers, leaving an ample supply 
of the best shoots for pruning. 
In the middle and eastern states, I would not recommend the 
pruning of raspberries before spring; for by deferring that work to 
the latter end of February or beginning of March, there will be a 
greater chance of the shoots not being injured by frost; and more- 
over, you can then make choice of such as received the least injury. 
But in the southern states they may be pruned now with safety; 
for the method see page 138. 
It is necessary to observe that the shoots which had borne fruit 
last summer, must be cut down to the ground either now or in the 
spring, as they will never bear again, and that it is from the shoots 
of the present season, immediately rising from the roots, that you 
are to expect fruit in the ensuing year. 
The Antwerp raspberries being somewhat more tender and sub- 
ject to be injured by frost than the common kinds, it will be of con- 
siderable advantage to protect them therefrom in the manner di- 
rected next month. 
Propagating Fruit Trees by Layers and Suckers. 
The young shoots of mulberries, figs, filberts, codlins, vines, &c. 
