Oct.] the VINEYARD. 531 
tained in consequence of a trifling neglect in the first instance: 
but, above all things, place your fruit, whatever way they are pat 
up, completely out of the reach of frost. 
The common kinds, for more immediate use, after being sweated 
and wiped as before directed, may be packed in hampers or barrels, 
layer about of fruit and straw, and placed where they will neither 
be exposed to damps nor frost. 
Planting and Pruning Fruit Trees. 
What I have said under the article Fruit Garden for this month, 
is perfectly applicable, inasmuch as it has relation to the planting 
and pruning of orchards at this season. But for general instruc- 
tions on these heads, I refer you to the article Orchard, in January, 
page 46, February, page 140, and March, page 223, &c. After a 
careful perusal of what is there said, you will be perfectly able to 
judge, (taking into consideration the nature of your soil and local 
situation of the place) whether it is more prudent for you to plant 
and prune in the autumn, or to defer that business till the opening 
of spring. 
If any of your fruit trees are cracked and rough in the bark 
when the fruit is pulled, scrape ott' the loose parts, and, with a 
large painting brush apply a mixture of cow-dung and urine made 
to the consistence of a thick paint, covering the stem and any 
other parts so affected carefully over therewith. This will soften 
the old rough bark, which will peal oft' with it during the following 
winter and spring, leaving after it the smooth fresh bark only. 
Your trees being freed from that incumbrance and harbour for 
worms, insects, &c.will thrive much more luxuriantly than before. 
THE VINEYARD. 
Having given ample instructions last month for the making of 
wines, curing of raisins, and preserving the fruit fresh for a length 
of time, &c. it is unnecessary to touch upon those subjects in this 
place; therefore, I have only to refer you to the article Vineyard, in 
page 488, &c. for information respecting any thing yet remaining 
to be done of what was there recommended. 
In the southern states vineyards may now be planted, and vines 
propagated by cuttings, &.c., and indeed where the winters are mild 
and but little or no frost, this is the most suitable season for so 
doing, particularly towards the latter end of the month. But in the 
middle states the month of March, and in the eastern states the 
early part of April will be the most preferable periods in which 
to perform this business. 
The subject of planting and propagating the vine being treated 
