Oct.] the NURSERY. 535 
nursery-rows at proper distances, there to acquire a sufficient growth 
and strength for a final transplanting, which will generally be the 
case in about two or three years. 
Chestnuts of every kind, walnuts, and hickory nuts, may be 
planted now, or immediately after being ripe; they have the same 
enemies to encounter as the acorns; but all these kinds will keep 
well till spring in dry sand, or even in bags or boxes, and if planted 
early in that season will vegetate freely. 
But if you find it more convenient to plant the nuts in autumn, 
let that be done, if possible, when they are perfectly ripe, and 
in their outward covers or husks, the extreme bitterness of which 
will be a good preservative against the attacks of vermin of every 
kind. 
When you desire to cultivate the Juglans regia, or European 
walnut, for its fruit, and likewise any of the other species, make 
choice of the best varieties of nuts, such as are large, thin shelled, 
and have the finest flavoured kernels; for although the best sorts 
will vary or degenerate, when raised from seeds, yet by planting the 
most valuable varieties, there will be the better chance of having 
good kinds continued. 
For the method of planting, and the subsequent treatment of 
chestnuts, walnuts, &c. see page 270. 
JVote. When oaks, chestnuts, or walnuts, &c. are planted exclu- 
sively on account of their timber, it will be the better way, when it 
can conveniently be done, to sow or plant the acorns and nuts where 
they are intended to remain for full and mature growth; for trees of 
either of these kinds seldom attain to as great magnitude after 
having been transplanted, as if suffered to remain undisturbed where 
the seeds were sown. 
Transplanting Stocks, to Bud and Graft upon. 
About the latter end of this month you may plant out into nur- 
sery-rows all the hardy kinds of seedling stocks, to bud and graft 
the different varieties of fruits upon. 
Let these be planted out in rows three feet asunder, and one foot 
or more distant from one another in the rows. 
Plant also for the purpose of stocks, suckers from the roots of 
plums, codlins, pears, quinces, &c., but seedlings are much more 
preferable if you are sufficiently supplied therewith. 
Transplant likewise from nursery beds and layer-stools all the 
well rooted cuttings and layers that were planted or layed a year 
ago, or in the last spring, for the purpose of raising stocks for 
fruit-trees; particularly quinces and codlins, to bud and graft dwarf 
pears and apples upon, in order to form dwarf trees for walls and 
espaliers, planting them in nursery-rows as above. 
Planting hardy deciduous Trees and Shnd)s. 
All manner of hardy deciduous trees and shrubs may be planted 
now into nursery rows, or finally where they are to remain, imme- 
