536 THE NURSERY. [Oct. 
(liately after they have shed their leaves, or as soon as the general 
foliage is turned yellow^ and on the decline; but observe that plant- 
ing at this season should always be done in ground that lies dry in 
winter. When that is the case the trees, shrubs, &c. will establish 
new roots before they are overtaken by the heats of the ensuing 
summer, and will require but very little trouble in watering. 
Pruning. 
In the latter part of this month you may begin to prune and 
reduce into proper form most kinds of hardy forest and fruit trees, 
flowering shrubs, &c., clearing their stems from lateral shoots, 
eradicating suckers, and dressing their heads in a neat and be- 
coming manner. 
Planting hardy Evergreens. 
Between the middle and latter end of this month you may plant 
pines, firs, cedars, junipers, and every other kind of hardy ever- 
green trees and shrubs. However, I would not advise to plant 
small seedlings of any kind at this season, especially in the middle 
and eastern states, as many of them would be thrown out of the 
ground by the winter frosts, and most of them so loosened in the 
earth as to be subject to great injury from the parching winds in 
spring; consequently, March will be a more eligible season for this 
purpose. 
Sowing Stones of Fruit Trees. 
If you are not apprehensive of the ravages of mice, rats, squir- 
rels, &c. you may now sow the stones of plums, peaches, necta- 
rines, apricots, &c., or you may, if you think it more prudent, 
preserve them in sand, &c. as directed on former occasions, till 
February or March. 
These stones may now be sown pretty thick in drills two feet 
asunder, and covered from one to two inches deep, according to 
the size of the respective kinds and lightness of the soil; and at 
this time twelve months such of them as shall have attained to a 
good growth may be transplanted into nursery rows. 
Sowing Beech-Mast, Maples, ^c. 
Beech-mast, maple, and several other kinds may now be sown 
as directed in March, or they may be preserved in dry sand till 
that season. 
Note. — Many sorts of seeds may now be sown, but as I treated 
on the subject of the Nursery at considerable length in March, and 
there noticed what kinds might be sown with safety in autumn, I 
refer you thereto for particular information. 
