544 THE PLEASURE, OR [Oct. 
cover the bed with straw in case of severe frost, for the roots of 
these are more tender and subject to be injured by the severity of 
the winter, than either hyacinths or tulips. The bed should be 
formed rather rounding, to cast off the wet, for which a good fall or 
descent should be in some convenient direction. The roots may 
remain two or three years in the ground without being disturbed; 
but then it will be necessary to take thera up to separate their off- 
sets, which by being longer connected with the old roots, would 
cause them to blow small and weak. 
Double-narcissus (daffodils) consist of several varieties; they are 
hardier than the former, the Italian excepted, and may be treated 
in a similar manner, but are in less danger from the effects of 
frost. 
Jonquils, English, Spanish, and Persian bulbous iris: the three 
first consist of several varieties, they may be planted from two to 
three inches deep, according to the looseness of the soil and strength 
of the bulbs, and treated in the same manner as the polyanthus-nar- 
cissus: they are all hardy. 
Crown imperials, lilies, pseonias, and the ornithogalum pyra- 
midale, or star of Bethlehem, should be planted now, if not done 
before, and covered about four inches deep; these do not require to 
be taken up oftener than once in two or three years, and then only 
to separate their offsets. 
Martagons (lilies with revolute petals) consist of many species 
and varieties, and may be treated as other lilies; they however make 
the best appearance in beds by themselves, and will grow stronger 
if the ground is well manured and the roots planted from five to six 
inches deep. The lilies calleti martagons are, the Lilium chalce- 
donicum, or scarlet martagon lily, L. catesbaei, or Catesby's lily, 
X. pomponium, or pomponian lily, L. superbum, or superb lily, 
L. martagon, or purple martagon lily, L. canadense, or Canada 
martagon lily, and L. japonicum^ or Japan white lily, with their 
varieties; the latter obtained by sowing the seeds of the different 
species. 
If not done in the preceding months, you should no longer defer 
the planting of spring crocuses, snowdrops, hardy gladioluses, 
Persian fritillarias, erythroniums, pancratium maratimura, orchises, 
limadorum tuberosum, snake's-head iris, musk, feathered, grape, 
and other hyacinths; the scilla maritima, or oflicinal squill, scilla 
peruviana, or starry hyacinth, together with all the other kinds of 
hardy bulbous or tuberous-rooted flowers which you intend plant- 
ing before spring. These may be planted separately in beds, or 
along the borders of the flower garden and pleasure grounds, and 
covered from two to three or four inches deep over the crowns of 
the roots, according to their respective size and strength, and the 
lightness or stiffness of the soil. 
In planting any of the above or other sorts in borders, observe 
that the lowest growing kinds are to be planted next the walks, and 
the larger farther back, in proportion to their respective growths, 
that the whole may appear to advantage, and none be concealed 
from the view. Likewise observe to diversify the kinds and 
