Nov.] THE FRUIT GARDEN. 561 
about half an inch deep^ when the plants are about two inches high, 
thin them to the distance of eight inches from one another, and so 
let them remain, always keeping them free from weeds. It may 
also be propagated by offsets from the root taken off' in the spring 
or late autumn months, and planted in rows at the above distances, 
and by heading it down frequently during summer, as it starts to 
seed, you will increase the crops of foliage. 
Dung and Trench Ground. 
In the beginning of this month, dung and trench the ground that 
is intended for early crops, and lay it up in high narrow sloping 
ridges, particularly if it be any way stiff", or of a heavy nature, to 
receive the benefit of the winter frosts, &c. which will enrich, mel- 
low, refresh, and sweeten it; besides by getting as much of this 
work performed now, as can be conveniently done, it will greatly 
forward and assist youraffairs in spring, when hurried by a pressure 
of other business. 
Should the frost set in towards the latter end of the month, so as 
to bind up the ground, and prevent the operation of trenching, you 
may cart or wheel manure into the different quarters where want- 
ed, which will help to forward your business considerably. 
SOUTHERN STATES. 
Transplant finally cabbage and cauliflower plants, but where 
the winter frosts are rather severe, the latter will want occasional 
protection of some sort; plant early Mazagan, Windsor, and long- 
pod beans, and sow a succession crop of early peas; earth up your 
advancing crops of the cabbage tribe, celery, and cardoons, blanch 
endive, sow spinage, radish, lettuce, and likewise small saladingof 
every kind on warm borders; th^ latter will require the protection 
of a frame and glasses in cold or frosty weather. 
THE FRUIT GARDEN. 
Planting Espalier and Wall Trees, ^"C. 
In the early part of this month, plant apple, pear, quince, plum, 
cherry, peach, nectarine, almond and apricot trees, either for espa- 
liers against walls, or for half or whole standards; observing that 
the ground in which you plant at this season lies perfectly dry 
during winter. For further particulars, see the Fruit Garden for 
last month, page 525, and also page 219. 
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