562 THE FRUIT GARDEN. [Nov. 
Gooseberries and Currants. 
This is a very suitable and proper season for the planting and 
pruning of gooseberries and currants; but for particulars I refer 
you to pages 526 and 527. 
Cuttings of either kind may now be planted as directed in page 
293, but they must be stout and pretty long, so as to be planted 
about ten inches deep, or the frost during winter will be very apt 
to throw them out of the ground. 
Gooseberry seed may now be sown as directed in page 527, 
with a view to obtain new varieties. Currants and raspberries 
may in like manner be raised from seed, and improved sorts ob- 
tained thereby. 
Raspberries. 
As long as the vi^eather continues open you may transplant and 
make new plantations of raspberries j but the earlier in the month 
that this can be done the better, especially if you have to trans- 
plant the Antwerp varieties. For further information on the subr 
ject of planting and pruning raspberries, see page 528, &c. 
The red and white Antwerp kinds are excellent fruit, and less 
hardy than the other varieties; consequently, it will be necessary, 
in the eastern and middle states, to lay down the young shoots of 
the present season immediately previous to the commencement of 
hard frost, first cutting off close to the ground the shoots which 
had borne fruit the preceding summer. The supernumerary weakly 
shoots may also be cut oft", and likewise the straggling tops of those 
you intend to lay down, or they may now have a general and final 
pruning as directed in page 138. 
This done, dig the earth between the rows, clearing out all use- 
less suckers and weeds, previously adding some very rotten manure, 
if the ground seems to need it, then, being provided with some 
hooked wooden pegs and a number of long, small hoop-poles, or 
the like, lay down each row of shoots gently on one side, on which 
lay the hoop-poles, lengthwise the rows, pegging them down with 
the hooked sticks, so as to keep the shoots close to the earth; after 
which cover all over with light litter, straw, hay, barley chaft", fern, 
leaves of trees, or any other light covering that will protect the 
plants from the effects of the various changes of the weather, which, 
and not the frost only, are the causes of their destruction. Here 
they will remain in safe and good condition till the beginning of 
March, when the litter is to be taken oft", the plants raised up, and 
the ground receive its spring dressing. 
Some lay the shoots into, and cover them with the earth; but 
although this has a clean appearance, and sometimes will answer 
very well, the buds will be more liable to receive injury in this 
way than when covered with light litter as above. 
