564 THE VINEYARD. [Nov. 
entire of the article Orchard in January, beginning at page 45, and 
also the same article in February, page 140, &c. 
Old fruit trees having scaly, rough bark, should in this month, 
if not done in the former, be brushed over with a mixture of cow- 
dang and urine, as directed in page 531. 
THE VINEYARD. 
Pruning of Vines. 
The pruning of grape-vines at this season, will answer extremely 
well in the southern states, and ought to be duly attended to; but 
the severity of the frosts in the middle and eastern states, renders 
it more prudent to defer this work to the latter end of February, or 
if the season proves late, the first week in March; but upon no ac- 
count should you delay it longer: indeed upon the whole, the late 
February pruning will be the safest. In the city and neighbourhood 
of Philadelphia, vines that were pruned on the first and second 
days of March, 1805, wept copiously a few days after, but some 
cold weather ensuing, they stopped bleeding; this shows the neces- 
sity of pruning in February, especially in warm situations or ex- 
posures. 
Those who prefer pruning their vines at this time, as well as 
those who from the temperateness of their climate ought to do it, 
will find the necessary instructions in page 146, &c. 
Winter dressing of Vines. 
You should now plough between the rows of vines in your vine- 
yard where practicable, having first tied up all the trailing runners 
to the stakes; observing to lay up the earth as much as possible to 
the stems of the vines: to eftect this the better, the ground must 
be cross-ploughed. The one and tivo year o/(/jo/awfs will particu- 
larly require this earthing; and after the ploughing is finished, the 
earth should be drawn up around them with a hoe, the better to 
preserve the lower parts of the stems with the buds from alternate 
freezing and thawing, which is much more injurious to them than a 
continued frost. In this state they are to remain till the proper 
time for pruning in spring, when the earth is to be drawn from 
around them, and the plants dressed as directed in page 147. 
When the ground does not admit of this culture with the plough, 
it should be given with the spade and hoe, as it is of considerable 
importance, not only ta protect the plants, but to destroy weeds, 
and meliorate the soil, by throwing it up loosely to the influence 
of the frost and weather. A dressing of manure, where wanted, 
should be given previous to the ploughing, &c. 
This is a very proper period to manure, trench, or plough the 
