Nov.] THE NURSERY. 565 
ground which you intend to plant with grape-vines next spring, as 
observed in page 243, leaving it as rough and high as possible. 
In the southern states, vineyards may now be planted, vines 
pruned and propagated by layers and cuttings, and every thing else 
done in that way, as directed in March for the middle and eastern 
states. 
THE NURSERY. 
Transplanting. 
All the principal nursery transplanting should be finished as 
early in this month as possible, in order that the plants may have 
time to push out new fibres before the frosts set in; for when plant- 
ed at a late period, they seldom put out fibres before spring, and 
have to live principally on their own substance during winter, which 
greatly weakens them. However, where that cannot be conve- 
niently done, and that necessity requires it, you may continue to 
transplant all kinds of hardy trees and shrubs while the ground 
continues open. 
Protecting Seedlings and Tender Plants. 
In the early part of the month you should sift some dry, fresh 
earth over the seedling pines, arising from the seed sown last 
spring, so as to nearly reach the foliage, in order to protect their 
yet tender stems from the inclemency of the approaching season; 
and immediately on the setting in of hard frost, spread some dry 
straw, fern, leaves of trees, or other light covering, thinly over the 
beds, to aftbrd additional protection, and in some measure to pre- 
vent the frost from entering the ground as deep as it otherwise 
might; for, without the above care, many of the plants would be 
spewed up by the frost, and most of them be destroyed by the dry 
parching winds of the ensuing spring. Observe that the covering 
must be light, or that it be supported above the plants by some 
means, or a serious injury may accrue by its rotting the foliage, &c. 
The top covering is not necessary except when the winter frosts 
are severe; but sifting earth between and among the plants, so as 
nearly to come up to the leaves, will be of use in every climate and 
country; and not only to pine and fir seedlings, but to every other 
sort that are subject from their diminutive first year's growth to be 
thrown out of the earth by frost, or injured by drought. 
Any kind of seedlings that are rather tender should have hoop 
arches made over the beds, and on the approacli of severe frosts, 
thick mats, &c. laid on these for the protection of the plants. 
All hardy plants in pots should now be removed to where they 
can have sufficient protection in severe weather; for if left fully 
