112 THE KITCHEN-GARDEN. [Feb. 
the bottom and top spits, so as next year, when it comes to be dig- 
ged again, the compost being well meliorated, will be worked up, 
and mixed with the natural soil. 
Do not omit enriching and improving the borders for the wall* 
and espalier-trees, by adding a considerable portion of rocten 
dung; and if the natural soil is not good, add also, if possible, some 
good loamy earth from the surface of a field or pasture common, 
either to the whole, or rather than fail, a few barrow-fulls at first to 
each place where a tree is to stand, and improve the rest afterwards 
by degrees, at leisure. 
The ground must be divided into compartments for regularity 
and convenience. A border must be carried round, close to the 
boundary-walls or fences, not less than five, but if six or eight feet 
wide, the better, both for raising various early and other kitchen 
crops, and for the benefit of the wall-trees, if any, ihat their roots 
may have full scope to run in search of nourishment; and moreover, 
the annual digging and stirring the ground for the culture of the 
herbaceous esculents, greatly encourages the trees: hence the uti- 
lity of having a broad border. Next to this border a walk should be 
continued also all around the garden, of proper widtn, as mentioned 
below; then proceed to divide the interior parts into two, four, or 
more principal divisions and walks, if its extent be large; first, if 
the ground is of some considerable width, a straight waik .should run 
directly through the middle of the garden; and another, if thought 
necessary, may be directed across the ground, intersecting the first; 
and if the garden extends any considerable length, two or more such 
cross walks may be necessary; the width of the walks may be irom 
about five to ten or twelve feet, in proportion to the extent of the 
garden; and each of the quarters should be surrounded with a five or 
six feet wide border; and a range of espalier fruit trees may be 
planted along towards the back-part of each border, so that every 
quarter will be inclosed with an espalier; which will be ornamental 
in growth, and profitable in the annual production of superior fruit 
of different kinds. 
I would not, however, by any means advise dividing small or 
moderate sized gardens into too many walks and small quarters, 
especially if they are to be surrounded by espaliers, which would 
render them too confined for the proper growth of culinary herbage; 
besides, it would be wasting too much of the ground in walks. 
In one of the quarters a place should be allotted for the framing- 
ground; that is, a place for making the hot-beds for raising early 
cucumbers, melons, and other tender plants; fixing on a spot for 
this purpose, full to the sun from rising to setting, sheltered as 
much as possible from the northerly winds, and conveniently situated 
for bringing in the dung for the hot-beds. 
* Observe, that all trees planted against and trained to either paling or 
board fences, &c. producing fruit on one side only, are denominated wall- 
trees, as well as if planted to actual brick or stone walls; in contradistinction 
to espalier trees, which produce fruit on both sides. 
