Feb.] THE NURSERY. 155 
However, upon the whole, I prefer the early spring sowing, and 
have generally practised it with the best success. 
Many of these plants, and indeed the greater numbers, if the 
ground be good, will be fit for planting into the face of ditches, 
the autumn or spring following, and the entire of them that time 
twelve months; but if they are intended for forming upright hedges, 
the strongest of the year old plants, must, in the month of March, 
or very early in April, be drawn out of the seed beds, their long 
tap-roots cut off, so as to shorten them to the length of five or six 
inches, and then planted into nursery rows, about two feet asunder, 
and the plants to be about six inches distant in these rows; having 
there, two or three years growth, they will be in prime condition for 
that purpose; the remaining plants may be taken up the spring fol- 
lowing, and treated in the same way. 
It often happens that an after growth of young plants, arises in the 
seed-bed the second year, particularly when the haws have not been 
well prepared, these seldom come to any thing; but if you pursue 
the method already prescribed, you may depend on a good and ge- 
neral crop the first year. 
The various kinds of hawthorns that, on account of their spini- 
ness, might suit for live hedges, are the following; all being indige- 
nous in the United States, except the first, which is the kind princi- 
pally used in Europe for that purpose. 
1. Crataegus Oxyacantha, or Common European Hawthorn, or 
Whitethorn. Leaves obtuse subtrifate serrate. 
With a robust trunk, branching from the bottom upwards, to ten 
or fifteen feet high, the branches armed with spines, leaves obtuse, 
trifid and sawed, with numerous clusters of flowers from the sides 
and ends of the branches, succeeded by bunches of dark-red fruit, 
commonly called haws; flowers two styled, sometimes three or 
four. 
2. Crataegus coccinea, or great American Hawthorn. Leaves 
cordate-ovate, gash-angled, smooth; fietioles and calyxes glandular; 
^flowers Jive-styled. 
This rises, when detached, to the height of near twenty feet, with 
a large upright trunk, dividing into many, strong, irregular, smooth 
branches, so as to form a large head. Leaves large and bending 
backwards; they are about four inches long, and three and a half 
broad, having five or six pair of strong nerves, and become of a 
brownish red in autumn. The flowers come out from the sides of 
the branches in umbels or large clusters; they are large, make a 
noble show early in May, and are succeeded by large fruit of a bright 
scarlet colour, which ripens in August or September. The branches 
are marked with irregularly scattered dots, thorns axillary, stout, 
spreading very much, from the rudiments of the branches. Pedun- 
cles pubescent, corymbed. 
3. Cratagus Crus galli, or Cockspur Hawthorn. Leaves subsessile, 
glittering, coriaceous; calycine leaflets, lanceolate subserrate;Jloioers, 
two-styled, 
Stem strong, ten to fifteen feet high, bark of the stem rough, 
of the branches smooth and reddish. Leaves lanceolate, three 
