256 THE NURSERY. [Marca. 
stock; and in this manner you may put four, five, or more grafts, 
as may seem convenient, into each stock, and bind them round with 
strong- bass. 
When the grafts are all thus fixed you must immediately apply 
a got)d quantity of well-wrought clay, bringing it close about the 
stock and grafts, observing to raise it at least an inch above the top 
of the stock, in a rounding manner, so as to throw the wet quickly 
off, and prevent its lodging or getting into the work, which would 
ruin all. 
This method of grafting, is sometimes called shoulder-grafting, 
and grafting in the rind, and was much more in practice formerly, 
than at present; for although the grafts take freely, they are liable 
to be blown out by strong winds, after they have made large shoots, 
which has frequently happened after three or four years growth, so 
that when this method is practised, the evil must be remedied by 
tying some firm sticks to the body of the stock or branch that is 
grafted, to which the young shoots must be tied, or they must be 
made fast to some convenient support that will answer the same 
end; or even tying them to one another, should the grafts take on 
opposite sides of the stock, will answer a good purpose. 
This kind of grafting may be performed a week, or ten days 
later than the other methods; for it will prove most successful, if 
done when the sap begins to be in active motion, as then the bark of 
the stock will separate from the wood more freely, to admit the 
graft. 
When the cions are well taken, treat them as directed under the 
head Cleft-grafting. 
Fourth, by Side-grafting. 
This is done by inserting grafts into the sides of the branches 
without heading them down, and may be practised upon trees to fill 
up any vacancy, or for variety, to have several sorts of fruit on the 
same tree. 
It is performed thus: fix upon such parts of the branches where 
wood is wanting, to furnish the head, or any part of the tree; there 
slope off the bark and a little of the wood, and cut the lower end of 
the graft to fit the part as near as possible; then join it to the branch, 
first tonguing both as in whip-grafting, tie them with bass, and clay 
them over. 
Fifth, by Root-grafting. 
This is done by whip-grafting cions upon pieces of the root, turn- 
ed up, about half an inch thick, either as the roots remain, or se- 
parated, and immediately replanted. 
Here it will be well to observe, that grafting is frequently done, 
and very often with good success, without the assistance of graft- 
ing-clay, or any other prepared composition. The method is this: 
head down your stocks near the surface of the ground, and graft 
them as low as you possibly can; bind them neatly, as in other 
cases, and draw the earth over the crowns of the stocks, so as to let 
