May.] THE VINEYARD. 387 
THE ORCHARD. 
You should now pay attention to the due formation of the 
heads of young, or new planted trees; much may be done towards 
that, by the timely displacing of irregular and unnecessary shoots, 
and by the shortening of luxuriant ones. 
The new planted trees will require to be frequently watered, 
giving it occasionally to the branches as well as the roots, and al- 
ways about the hour of sun setting, or a short time before or after. 
Such of your peaches, nectarines and apricots, but more especially 
the young trees, as are over-burdened with fruit, must be deprived 
of any superabundance, by a judicious thinning, and only as many 
left on, as they have sufficient strength to support, without injury 
to themselves. 
Take particular care to destroy caterpillars, &c. while yet in 
small clusters, before they overrun the trees; and where worms or 
canker appear in either stems or branches, let such parts be treated 
as directed in page 142. 
THE VINEYARD. 
The vines will now begin to shoot vigorously, and produce, 
besides bearing and other useful shoots, numbers that are totally 
unnecessary, which ought to be carefully cleared away; for if left on, 
they would rob the fruit, and also crowd and impoverish those shoots 
intended for next year's bearing. But in doing this, you must be 
very particular not to break off, in going between the vines, such 
fruiting or other shoots as are necessary, for at this time they are 
very easily injured; nor to annoy in the least the blossom buds, 
which will, early in the month, be very prominent. Where suckers 
from the roots, or shoots from the under parts of the stems appear, 
let them be immediately stripped off. The principal part of this 
work, if attended to in due time, may be done with the finger and 
thumb, but where that will not answer, you may now use the knife, 
with great safety; for although these plants bleed copiously in 
spring when destitute of leaves, yet afterwards the exhalation by 
the foliage becomes so great, that the absorbent roots do not sup- 
ply a fluid so fast as it could be expended in the growth of the plant 
or dissipated into the air; hence the cause of the drooping of va- 
rious kinds of plants in hot weather. 
All the shoots that have fruit on, and others that are strong, well 
placed, and suitable for next year's bearing, should, when grown to 
a sufficient length, be carefully and neatly tied up to the stakes, pre- 
viously observing, as before directed, to clear away all unnecessary 
young growths arising in places not wanted, and to leave a suffi- 
